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Science Flashcards

IDEK

1
Q

What’s an independent Variable

A

The independent variable is the variable that is changed in an experiment.

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2
Q

In your own words, define dependent variable.

A

Dependent variable is the result of the independent variable and can be measured.

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3
Q

What information is provided at the top of a graph?

A

Graph number, Graph Title (Includes Independent Variable and Dependent Variable)

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4
Q

Quantitative has numbers in it and Quality is describing something

A
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5
Q

What do quantitative observations describe?

A

Quantitative observations- Are observations that involve numbers

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6
Q

What do qualitative observations describe

A

Qualitative observations- Are observations based on the 5 senses (do not have numbers)

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7
Q

What is a control group

A

something you compare your data too

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8
Q

Why must experiments include a control group

A

To have something to compare your results to also adds to validity of experiment

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9
Q

Describe what constants are and why they are necessary in an experiment.

A

Constants stay the same and there should be 3 minimum. They ensure an accurate experiment.

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10
Q

Explain why 3 multiple trials are required in an experiment.

A

to ensure valid results

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of graphs and what do they represent/are used for?

A

Bar graph-amounts, Line graphs-changes in increments, pie charts-percentages

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12
Q

The big bang happened ________________________ years ago.

A

13.8 billion years ago

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13
Q

These two elements were formed right after the big bang_____________ and __________________.

A

Hydrogen and Helium

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14
Q

The universe is currently__________________ outward in all directions and _________________________ in size.

A

Expanding outwards and increasing in size

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15
Q

The big bang was discovered by using ______________ ______________ radiation to ‘hear’ the beginning of the big bang.

A

Microwave background radiation

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16
Q

During Redshift, an object ________ _________ and the wavelengths become _______________

A

Moves away, longer

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17
Q

During Blueshift, an object ________ _________ and the wavelengths become _______________

A

Gets closer, shorter

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18
Q

Stars are classified by their size and _________________

A

color

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19
Q

The process that stars use to combine elements is called _________________. The core of a star is made of the element _____________.

A

Nuclear Fusion, Hydrogen

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20
Q

What is a white dwarf?

A

The last stage of a star before it burns out

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21
Q

Stars are born in a cloud of gas and dust called a ________________

A

nebula

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22
Q

what is a black hole

A

Star collapses into itself and pulls everything in space into it.

23
Q

There are two types of black holes; ______________________ and __________________. Circle which black hole is LARGEST.

A

Stellar and Supermassive, supermassive is the largest

24
Q

The largest black hole is found in the center/on the edge of our galaxy (circle one).

A

center

25
Q

A collection of millions of solar systems is called a _________________. The five main types of galaxies we learned are
A.________________________
B.________________________
C.________________________
D.________________________
E.________________________

A

Spiral, Barred Spiral, Elliptical, Irregular, Peculiar

26
Q

The Milky Way is considered a ________________________ galaxy.

A

spiral

27
Q

What binds a galaxy together

A

gravity

28
Q

This person (_______________) proposed that the solar system is heliocentric instead of geocentric.

A

Nicolas Copernicus

29
Q

Contrast the difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system.

A

Geocentric- Earth in the center of the solar system
Heliocentric-Sun in the center of the solar system

30
Q

List the 4 inner terrestrial planets in order

A

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars

31
Q

List the 4 outer gas giant planets in order.

A

Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

32
Q

The asteroid belt is located between what two planets?

A

Mars and Jupiter

33
Q

How old is the Earth and all the planets in our solar system? Answer: ______ billion years old.

A

4.55 billion years old

34
Q

________________ dating is used to determine the age of our planet. It uses radioactive decay to determine the age.

A

Radiometric Dating

35
Q

(Meteor, Meteorite, Meteoroid) is a small body that is on a collision course with Earth.

A

Meteoroid

36
Q

(Meteor, Meteorite, Meteoroid) is a small body that entered the atmosphere but will not impact Earth.

A

Meteor

37
Q

(Meteor, Meteorite, Meteoroid) is what is left after a large body impacted the Earth.

A

Meteorite

38
Q

A comet is made from ______________ and ________________.

A

Ice, gas and dust

39
Q

Johannes Kepler created ______ laws of _______________ ______________

A

3, planetary motion

40
Q

Provide the formula for Kepler’s 1st Law

A

Focal length/ Major Axis

41
Q

Explain what Kepler’s 1st Law explains:

A.

B.

A

A.- Elliptical orbits

B- Sun is not directly in the center

42
Q

What is the shape of an ellipse?____________________. Draw and label the parts of an ellipse below.

A

oval

43
Q

Where in a planet’s orbit is aphelion and perihelion? Compare the planet’s speeds at each point.

A

Aphelion=Far away, slow speed
Perihelion=Close, super fast

44
Q

What is the formula for Kepler’s 2nd law?

A

A1+A2=B1+B2

45
Q

What does Kepler’s Second law explain?

A

Equal Area= Equal Time

46
Q

What is the formula for Kepler’s 3rd law?

A

P2=D3

47
Q

What does Kepler’s Third law explain?

A

P=Period of revolution squared D=Distance from the Sun cubed

48
Q

What does the abbreviation AU stand for?

A

AU= astronomical unit, distance from the Earth to the Sun =93,000,000 miles

49
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion?

A

An object and rest, stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted
Upon by an outside force.

50
Q

What is Newton’s second law of motion?

A

Force=Mass X Acceleration

51
Q

What is Newton’s third law of motion?

A

For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction

52
Q

What does Newton’s law of gravitation describe?

A

. As Mass increases, Gravity increases
As Mass decreases, Gravity decreases
As objects get closer, gravity increases
As objects get farther away, gravity decreases

53
Q

What is the constant rate of gravity for all objects on Earth?

A

9.8 meters/second squared

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