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1
Q

What’s an independent Variable

A

The independent variable is the variable that is changed in an experiment.

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2
Q

In your own words, define dependent variable.

A

Dependent variable is the result of the independent variable and can be measured.

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3
Q

What information is provided at the top of a graph?

A

Graph number, Graph Title (Includes Independent Variable and Dependent Variable)

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4
Q

Quantitative has numbers in it and Quality is describing something

A
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5
Q

What do quantitative observations describe?

A

Quantitative observations- Are observations that involve numbers

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6
Q

What do qualitative observations describe

A

Qualitative observations- Are observations based on the 5 senses (do not have numbers)

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7
Q

What is a control group

A

something you compare your data too

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8
Q

Why must experiments include a control group

A

To have something to compare your results to also adds to validity of experiment

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9
Q

Describe what constants are and why they are necessary in an experiment.

A

Constants stay the same and there should be 3 minimum. They ensure an accurate experiment.

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10
Q

Explain why 3 multiple trials are required in an experiment.

A

to ensure valid results

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of graphs and what do they represent/are used for?

A

Bar graph-amounts, Line graphs-changes in increments, pie charts-percentages

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12
Q

The big bang happened ________________________ years ago.

A

13.8 billion years ago

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13
Q

These two elements were formed right after the big bang_____________ and __________________.

A

Hydrogen and Helium

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14
Q

The universe is currently__________________ outward in all directions and _________________________ in size.

A

Expanding outwards and increasing in size

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15
Q

The big bang was discovered by using ______________ ______________ radiation to ‘hear’ the beginning of the big bang.

A

Microwave background radiation

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16
Q

During Redshift, an object ________ _________ and the wavelengths become _______________

A

Moves away, longer

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17
Q

During Blueshift, an object ________ _________ and the wavelengths become _______________

A

Gets closer, shorter

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18
Q

Stars are classified by their size and _________________

A

color

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19
Q

The process that stars use to combine elements is called _________________. The core of a star is made of the element _____________.

A

Nuclear Fusion, Hydrogen

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20
Q

What is a white dwarf?

A

The last stage of a star before it burns out

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21
Q

Stars are born in a cloud of gas and dust called a ________________

A

nebula

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22
Q

what is a black hole

A

Star collapses into itself and pulls everything in space into it.

23
Q

There are two types of black holes; ______________________ and __________________. Circle which black hole is LARGEST.

A

Stellar and Supermassive, supermassive is the largest

24
Q

The largest black hole is found in the center/on the edge of our galaxy (circle one).

25
A collection of millions of solar systems is called a _________________. The five main types of galaxies we learned are A.________________________ B.________________________ C.________________________ D.________________________ E.________________________
Spiral, Barred Spiral, Elliptical, Irregular, Peculiar
26
The Milky Way is considered a ________________________ galaxy.
spiral
27
What binds a galaxy together
gravity
28
This person (_______________) proposed that the solar system is heliocentric instead of geocentric.
Nicolas Copernicus
29
Contrast the difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system.
Geocentric- Earth in the center of the solar system Heliocentric-Sun in the center of the solar system
30
List the 4 inner terrestrial planets in order
Mercury Venus Earth Mars
31
List the 4 outer gas giant planets in order.
Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
32
The asteroid belt is located between what two planets?
Mars and Jupiter
33
How old is the Earth and all the planets in our solar system? Answer: ______ billion years old.
4.55 billion years old
34
________________ dating is used to determine the age of our planet. It uses radioactive decay to determine the age.
Radiometric Dating
35
(Meteor, Meteorite, Meteoroid) is a small body that is on a collision course with Earth.
Meteoroid
36
(Meteor, Meteorite, Meteoroid) is a small body that entered the atmosphere but will not impact Earth.
Meteor
37
(Meteor, Meteorite, Meteoroid) is what is left after a large body impacted the Earth.
Meteorite
38
A comet is made from ______________ and ________________.
Ice, gas and dust
39
Johannes Kepler created ______ laws of _______________ ______________
3, planetary motion
40
Provide the formula for Kepler’s 1st Law
Focal length/ Major Axis
41
Explain what Kepler’s 1st Law explains: A. B.
A.- Elliptical orbits B- Sun is not directly in the center
42
What is the shape of an ellipse?____________________. Draw and label the parts of an ellipse below.
oval
43
Where in a planet's orbit is aphelion and perihelion? Compare the planet’s speeds at each point.
Aphelion=Far away, slow speed Perihelion=Close, super fast
44
What is the formula for Kepler’s 2nd law?
A1+A2=B1+B2
45
What does Kepler’s Second law explain?
Equal Area= Equal Time
46
What is the formula for Kepler’s 3rd law?
P2=D3
47
What does Kepler’s Third law explain?
P=Period of revolution squared D=Distance from the Sun cubed
48
What does the abbreviation AU stand for?
AU= astronomical unit, distance from the Earth to the Sun =93,000,000 miles
49
What is Newton’s first law of motion?
An object and rest, stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted Upon by an outside force.
50
What is Newton’s second law of motion?
Force=Mass X Acceleration
51
What is Newton’s third law of motion?
For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction
52
What does Newton’s law of gravitation describe?
. As Mass increases, Gravity increases As Mass decreases, Gravity decreases As objects get closer, gravity increases As objects get farther away, gravity decreases
53
What is the constant rate of gravity for all objects on Earth?
9.8 meters/second squared

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