Science Flashcards
What does nutrients mean?
a substance or ingredient that promotes growth, provides energy, and maintains life.
Function of carbohydrates:
Main source of energy in the body, breaks down starches and sugars into simple sugars
Function of lipids
Stores energy, works as an insulator, fats and oils provide energy
Proteins function:
Growth and repair of cells and tissues
Vitamins and minerals function:
essential in small amounts to keep you healthy, helps with wound healing
Fibre function:
provides bulk to food to keep it moving through the gut (not actually a nutrient)
Balanced diet meaning
A balanced diet is when you have the right proportions of the food groups to keep you healthy.
What is anorexia?
It’s an eating disorder where a
person keeps their body weight as
low as possible.
This may be due to disliking their
bodies or wishing to gain control in
their life when they are stressed.
Symptoms of anorexia?
Eating very little, severe weight loss
What is obesity?
A person who is overweight, with a lot of body fat
What is night blindness?
People with night blindness struggle to see in the dark, or may be completely blind in darkness. It is caused by a lack of vitamin A
What is scurvy?
Scurvy is a condition that can
develop if you don’t have enough
Vitamin C in your diet.
What is rickets?
Rickets is a condition that affects
bone development in children. It
causes the bones to become soft
and weak, which can lead to bone
deformities such as bowed legs. It is caused by a lack of Vitamin D
Why does food need to be digested?
for breaking down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair.
Describe how the small intestine is adapted to provide a large surface area for maximum nutrient absorption
The lining of the small intestinal mucosa is very highly specialized for maximizing digestion and absorption of nutrients. The lining is highly folded to form villi which increase the surface area to help with absorption.
Explain how enzymes speed up the rate of digestion
They are known as biological catalyst that speeds up digestion without being used up.
What is alcohol
It is a depressant because it slows down your body’s reactions
Drinking large amounts of alcohol over a long time can cause:
Stomach ulcers, heart disease, reduced fertility, brain damage, liver damage (cirrhosis)
Definition of a drug:
Drugs are any chemicals that affect the way your brain and body work
Medicinal drugs:
• used in medicine
• benefit your health if used correctly
• used to treat symptoms or cure
illness
• some have side effects
Examples of medicinal drugs:
examples include: painkillers, antibiotics, and cough mixture
Recreational drugs
• taken for enjoyment/to relax/stay awake
• normally have no health benefits
• many can be harmful
• many are illegal
Examples of recreational drugs:
examples include: alcohol, caffeine, heroine, cocaine, tobacco
What effect does a stimulant have on the body/brain?
are a class of drugs that speed up messages travelling between the brain and body. They can make a person feel more awake, alert, confident or energetic. Which basically means it speeds up the bodies reaction time.
Example of a stimulant:
Nicotine, ectasy, caffeine
What effect does a depressant have on the body?
reducing functional or nervous activity. In simple words: it slows down your reaction time
Examples of a depressant:
Alcohol, cannibis
What effect does a pain killer have on the body?
It is a drug or a medicine for relieving pain.
Examples of pain killers:
Paracetamol, opium
What effects does a performance enhancer have on the body?
A substance ( such as an anabolic steroid, human growth, hormones etc.) it is used to improve athletic performance
Performance enhancer examples:
Caffeine, anabolic steroids
What effect does a hallucinogen have on the body?
It is a drug that causes hallucinations, such as LSD
Hallucinogen examples:
LSD, Cannabis
What is in a cigarette?
Tar- sticky black material that collects in the lungs, it irratates the airways and can cause cancer.
Nicotine- an addicting drug
Carbon monoxide- combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells- reducing there capacity to carry oxygen
Effects on smoking:
Cancer, Bronchitis, Emphysema which develops over time-it damages the alveoli (tiny air sacks), smokers cough
