Science Flashcards
Homozygous
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Ribosome
site of protein synthesis by decoding mRNA
Proton
A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom. Same number as the atomic number.
Neutron
A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
Lipids
Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Can be broken down to glycerol.
Kilo
1000
Centimeter
1/100
Hydrogen bonds
weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
Ionic bond
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Polar bonds
a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally
Chromosomes
threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genesn
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
It is a passive process
Osmosis and gas exchange is an example
Erythropoietin
A hormone produced and released by the kidney that stimulates the production of red blood cells by the bone marrow.
Aldosterone
“salt-retaining hormone” which promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. na+ retention promotes water retention, which promotes a higher blood volume and pressure
Antidiuretic hormone
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland to prevent the kidneys from expelling too much water
Renin
hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
Collecting duct
A segment of the nephron that returns water form the filtrate to the bloodstream.
Proximal convoluted tubule
first section of the renal tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water, ions, and all organic nutrients
Distal convoluted tubule
Between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here, most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and sodium
Loop of henle
section of the nephron tubule that conserves water and minimizes the volume of urine
Resigvatory tract
Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Glottis, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchioles, Lung, Diaphragm.
Hypothesis
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Gas
A state of matter with no definite shape or volume
