science

Question 1

a bright scale used to measure how bright a start would be if it were seen from a standard distance

Answer 1

absolute magnitude

Question 2

the brightness of a star as seen from earth

Answer 2

apparent magnitude

Question 3

a large collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity

Answer 3

galaxy

Question 4

a graph that shows the relationship between a star’s surface tempature and absolute magnitude

Answer 4

H-R diagram

Question 5

the distance that light travels through space in one year, 9.46 trillion kilometers

Answer 5

light year

Question 6

the actual brightness of an object such as a star

Answer 6

luminosity

Question 7

the region on the H-R diagram where stars spend most of their lives; it has a diagonal pattern

Answer 7

main sequence

Question 8

a large cloud of dust and gas in interstellar space; a region in space where stars are born

Answer 8

nebula

Question 9

the core of a supernova that has collapsed under gravity to the point that the electrons and protons have smashed together to form neutrons

Answer 9

neutron star

Question 10

a relatively large spherical body that orbits a star

Answer 10

planet

Question 11

a highly magnetized, rotating neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 11

pulsar

Question 12

the motion of a body that travels around another body in space, one trip along an orbit

Answer 12

revolution

Question 13

the spin of a body on its axis

Answer 13

rotation

Question 14

the collection of large and small bodies that orbit our center star, the sun

Answer 14

solar system

Question 15

the distance between two adjacent troughs or crests a wave

Answer 15

wavelength

Question 16

a giant explosion in which a massive star throws its outer layers into space, but its core remains

Answer 16

supernova

Question 17

space and all the matter and energy in it

Answer 17

universe

Question 18

the hot, dense, dim core of matter that remains from the collapse of a low-mass star

Answer 18

white dwarf

Question 19

a galaxy shaped like a pin wheel, with a buldge in the center

Answer 19

spiral galaxy

Question 20

a spherical or elongated galaxy with a bright center and very little dust and gas

Answer 20

elliptical galaxy

Question 21

a galaxy with an irregular shape that does not fit into any other category

Answer 21

irregular galaxy

Question 22

all of the different wavelengths and frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, from radio waves to gamma rays

Answer 22

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 23

the theory that all matter and energy in the universe was compressed into an extremely small volume that 13 billion to 15 billion years ago exploded and began expanding in all directions

Answer 23

big bang theory

Question 24

the electromagnetic radiation left over from the formation of the universe

Answer 24

cosmic microwave backround

Question 25

a phenomenon which occurs when a star or galaxy is moving away from the earth and its wavelength

Answer 25

red shift

Question 26

an observed change in the frequency or wavelength when the source is moving with respect to the observer

Answer 26

doppler affect

Question 27

a tool used to collect light from the stars and separate the colors in the light

Answer 27

spectroscope