science Flashcards
how to find the electronic configuration of an atom
inner : 2
middle : 8
outer : 8 (or what is left over)
if the number is smaller than 10, only include 2 shells
what is a valence electron?
the outer shell number
( E.C. 2, 8, 3 - valence = 3)
protons charge?
positive charge
electrons charge?
negative charge
neutrons charge?
no charge
what is an isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
What is an ion?
an atom or group of atoms that carries a positive or negative electric charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons
covelant bonding?
non metal - non metal
combustion
when a substance reacts with oxygen and heat is released
corrosion
when a metal reacts with substances around it, such as air or water, foms a weak metal acid layer (eg. rust) leading to deterioration
exothermic and endothermic reactions
EXOTHERMIC: release energy in the form of heat, light, or sound.
ENDOTHERMIC: require energy to be absorbed from the surroundings, often in the form of heat.
decomposition
when one single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances
acids and carbonates
when any ‘metal’ carbonate is added to an acid, it results in the production of salt, water and carbon dioxide gas
precipitation
when a solid (precipitate) is formed when mixing two ionic solutions
neutralisation
when an acid and a base are mixed producing a neutral salt (an ionic substance) and water
