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science Flashcards

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1
Q

can we see cells with our naked eye

A

no

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2
Q

what helps us to see and draw cells

A

microscope

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3
Q

what is a cell membrane

A

controls what enters and leaves the cell

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4
Q

what is a nueclus

A

it stores information [dna] and control what happens in the cell33

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5
Q

what is a mitochondria

A

realeses enrrgy from food[glucose] by aerobic respiration

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6
Q

what is a cell wall

A

made from cellulose and keeps the cell rigid

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7
Q

what is a vacoule

A

contains cell sap and keeps the cell firm

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8
Q

what is a chloroplast

A

it contains green chlorophll that absorbs light energy to allow plants to make their own food

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9
Q

what is diffusion

A

this is the movement of particles from high to low concentration

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10
Q

what are unicellular organism

A

this are organism that have one cell

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11
Q

Name one stucture that is found in the plant cells but not in animal cells

A

cell wall, vacoule and chloroplast

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12
Q

types of unicelluar organisms

A

ameoba and euglena

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13
Q

where in a cell is energy realesed from food

A

mitocrondia

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14
Q

put these words in order of complexity starting with cell ; organism, organ, system and tissue

A

cell tissue organ sytem organisim

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15
Q

Male produces_________ cells in the __________

A

sperm and testes

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16
Q

female produces__________ cells in the _________

A

egg and ovary

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17
Q

what is fertilization?

A

this is when male and female cells join

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18
Q

what is menstruation*

A

this is when females have a menstrual cycle that lasts up to 28 days

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19
Q

what is gestation

A

this is the process of the embryo developing in the womb

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20
Q

name to types of polinated plants

A

wind pollinated and insect pollinated

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21
Q

what is pollination

A

the transfer of pollen by insect or wind from the anther of a flower to the stigma of another.

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22
Q

name two .improtance of plants

A

to provide us with food

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23
Q

which day of the menstural cycle is a female egg realesed

A

around the 14 days

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24
Q

list two ways that seeeds and friut can be dispered

A

wind and insect

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25
Q

what does breathing involve

A

moving air in an out of the lungs

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26
Q

first thing when breathing in

A

Ribs move up and out

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27
Q

second thing when breathing in

A

diaphragm flattens and moves down

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28
Q

third thing when breathing in

A

space inside the lung increases

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29
Q

fourth thing when breathing in

A

this increases the volume and reduces the pressure *

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30
Q

first thing when breathing out

A

ribs move down and in

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31
Q

second thing when breathing out

A

diaphragm moves up

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32
Q

third thing when breathing out

A

space inside the lung decreases

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33
Q

fourth thing when breathing out

A

decreses the volume an increases the pressure

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34
Q

what are the lungs made of

A

tiny air sacs called aveoli

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35
Q

name two characteristics of air sacs

A

tiny and moist

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36
Q

when does gas exgange happen

A

carbon dioxide is pushed out and oxygen is brought in.

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37
Q

how does exercise affect breathing

A

improves gas exgange

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38
Q

how does athma affect breathing*

A

it causes breathing tubes to narrow, making breathing diffcult

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39
Q

how does smoking affect breathing

A

damages the breathing tubes so that mucus builds up

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40
Q

name the process by which oxygen moves from the air in our lungs into the blood.

A

distillation

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41
Q

what is a healthy diet

A

a healthy diet contains all of the classes of food in the right proportion.

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42
Q

purpose of carbohydrate

A

gives the body energy

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43
Q

purpose of fat

A

provides energy supply and insulation

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44
Q

purpose of protein

A

used for growth.

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45
Q

purpose of vitamins

A

needed to keep our bodies healthy

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46
Q

purpose of minerals

A

needed to keep our bodies healthy

47
Q

purpose of fibre

A

helps undigested food pass quickly through the gut

48
Q

purpose of water

A

dissolves chemicals so that chemical reactions can take place

49
Q

how is energy in food measured?

A

joules

50
Q

1 calorie =to _________ joules

A

4.2

51
Q

what causes obesity

A

eating to much food

52
Q

when you eat to little it leads to

A

starvation malnutrition

53
Q

not eating enough protien leads to

A

kwashoirkor

54
Q

not eating enough vitamins

A

causes different diseases e.g., scurvy.

55
Q

not eating enogh minerals leads to

A

lack of iron anaemia lack of calcium soft bones

56
Q

the way food travels through

A

mouth esophagus stomach intestine rectum and anus

57
Q

what are emzymes

A

these are protiens which speed up chemical reaction

58
Q

what is photosynthesis

A

this is a process which plants make their own food

59
Q

the word equation for how plants make food

A

water + carbon dioxide —— glucose oxygen

60
Q

diffrence in feeding between plant and animals

A

animals eat food plants make food

61
Q

what is respiration

A

this is the process by which organisms realese enegry

62
Q

name the types of respiration

A

aerobic and anaerobic respiration

63
Q

what is aerobic respiration

A

this is the process in which food (glucose) is converted into energy in the presence of oxygen

64
Q

word equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide+ energy

65
Q

what is anaerobic respiration

A

this is when not enough oxygen is not enough

66
Q

what do humans breack glucose to

A

lactic acid

67
Q

word equation for anaerobic respiration

A

glucose —> lactic acid+ energy

68
Q

what is fermination

A

this is when yeast breaks glucose down into alcohol and carbon dioxide

69
Q

word equation for yeast5

A

glucose—–> alcohol + carbon dioxide + energy

70
Q

uses glucose

A

both

71
Q

uses oxygen

A

aerobic

72
Q

produces carbon dioxide

A

aerobic and anaerobic in fermination

73
Q

produces water

A

aerobic

74
Q

releases lots of energy

A

aerobic

75
Q

can prodce lactic acid

A

anaerobic in humans

76
Q

can produce alcohol.

A

anaerobic in fermintation

77
Q

causes mucscle fatique

A

anaerobic

78
Q

name 2 functions perfromed by the skeleton

A

supports the body and gives it a shape. Acts like a framework

79
Q

bones in the skeleton are joined togther by——–

A

joints

80
Q

the bones in a joint are held together by_________

A

ligaments

81
Q

the end of each bone is covered by a__________

A

cartilage

82
Q

muscles are attached to the bones by ___________

A

tendons

83
Q

what is an antagonistic pair?

A

this means each joint needs two muscles to make it work.

84
Q

how is the force exerted in muscles measured in?

A

newtons

85
Q

what is photosynthesis?

A

this is the process in which plants make food.

86
Q

what is released as a waste product in plants?

A

oxygen

87
Q

what is the chemical inside chloroplast that is used to perform photosynthesis?

A

chlorophyll

88
Q

the word equation for

A

water + carbon dioxide —— glucose oxygen

89
Q

why are leaves the place where photosynthesis takes place?

A

they are thin.
they have a large surface area.
they have small holes called stomata.
they have tiny tubes called xylem to carry water and minerals from the root to the leaves.
they have tiny tubes called phloem to carry glucose away for storage.

90
Q

define how three of the points you have made adapt to the plant.

A

are thin- they are not heavy.
stomata-allow gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen to enter or leave the leaf.
have a large surface area- to catch as much sunlight as possible.

91
Q

plant and animal are ———–

A

interdependent

92
Q

state how photosynthensis is different from respiration?

A

Respiration uses food and oxygen produces carbon dioxide.

93
Q

what is variation?

A

this is when most living organisms are different from one another.

94
Q

what are niches?

A

these are different parts of the ecosystem.

95
Q

producers are ——–

A

plants

96
Q

consumers are ————

A

animals

97
Q

what are food webs made from?

A

different food chains.

98
Q

what is interdependency.

A

this describes how living organisms in an environment depend on one another.

99
Q

what do food webs show?

A

how organisms depend upon one another for food.

100
Q

what do plants at the bottom of the food web absorb?

A

poison.

101
Q

what do animals that eat a lot of plant absorb more?

A

poison

102
Q

when the poison accumulates as it is passed up the food web it is called?

A

bioaccumlation

103
Q

what do arrows on a food web show?

A

this is how energy transferred as food form one organism to another.

104
Q

we inherit half of our genetic information from our ———- and half from our. ———-.
this is called ———–

A

mother and father heredity.

105
Q

where is genetic information stored?

A

in the chromosomes.

106
Q

where are the chromosomes found?

A

in the nucleus.

107
Q

the nucleus of every cell contains ——— chromosomes

A

46

108
Q

each chromosome consists of a ——

A

very long stand of dna

109
Q

DNA is divided up to single units called. ———

A

genes

110
Q

who and who developed the theory of DNA and in what year?

A

James Waston and Francis Crick in the year 1953

111
Q

who found evidence to support Waston and crick’s theory?

A

Maurice Walkins

112
Q

who made X-ray images of DNA and found out that DNA was a double helix?

A

Rosalind Franklin

113
Q

which one is larger a chromosome or a gene?

A

a chromosome

english (3 decks)

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