Science

Question 1

Which of the following is the appropriate threshold value for mammalian neurons?
o -80 Mv
o -55 mV
o 0 mV
o +35 mVb

Answer 1

-55mV

Question 2

In a certain plant, red flowers are dominant over white flowers. A plant heterozygous for red flowers and a plant with white flowers are crossed. Which of the following is the expected proportion of phenotypes in the next generation?
o 2 red, 2 white
o 4 red, 0 white
o 3 red, 1 white
o 1 red, 3 white

Answer 2

2 red 2 white

Question 3

Which of the following structures is present in both prokarayotic cells?
o Endoplasmic reticulum
o Cell membrane
o Chloroplast
o Golgi apparatus

Answer 3

Cell membrane

Question 4

Which of the following can lead to a tsunami?
o Sunspot activity
o Lightning strikes
o Flooding
o Earthquakes

Answer 4

Earthquakes

Question 5

Which of the following are used to determine a person’s DNA sequence?
o Genes
o Blood type
o Hormones
o Enzymes

Answer 5

Genes

Question 6

Which of the following organic molecules contain both an amine and carboxyl group?
o Lipids
o Chitin
o Cellulose
o Proteins

Answer 6

Proteins

Question 7

Osteoporosis results from which of the following
o A decline in osteoclast activity while osteoblast activity continues at expected levels
o An increase in osteocyte activity while osteoblast activity continues at expected levels
o A decline in osteoblast activity while osteoblast activity continues at expected levels
o An increase in osteocyte while activity continues at expected levels.

Answer 7

A decline in osteoblast activity while osteoblast activity continues at expected levels

Question 8

Which of the following is released by one type of immune cell to directly activate type of immune cell?
o Lysozymes
o Perforin
o Cytokines
o Granzymes

Answer 8

Cytokines

Question 9

The measurement indicated by the line across the centre of the cell is best referred to as which of the following?
o Radius
o Diameter
o Area
o Volume

Answer 9

Diameter

Question 10

Which of the following properties of water explains its solvent abilities for certain substances?
o High surface tension
o Kinetic energy of liquid water molecules
o Polarity of water molecules
o High specific heat

Answer 10

Polarity of water molecules

Question 11

Which of the following vessels caries oxygenated blood?
o Pulmonary vein
o Inferior vena cava
o Pulmonary artery
o Superior vena cave

Answer 11

Pulmonary vein

Question 12

Which of the following is a mass with the ovary that secretes hormones to maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy?
o Umbilical cord
o Corpus luteum
o Oocyte​
o Oviduct

Answer 12

Corpus luteum

Question 13

To separate genomic DNA fragments by size, which of these laboratory methods is most useful?
o Spectrophotometry
o Electrophoresis
o Filtration
o Titration

Answer 13

Electrophoresis

Question 14

In a plant in which fuzzy leaves (F) are dominant over smooth leaves (f), which of the following crosses will produce only offspring with smooth leaves?
o ff x ff
o Ff x Ff
o FF x FF
o Ff x ff

Answer 14

ff x ff

Question 15

Which of the following physiological responses is caused by the release of anti-diuretic hormones?
o Decrease in water reabsorption in the collecting duct
o Decrease in the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus
o Increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct
o Increase I the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus

Answer 15

Increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct

Question 16

Which of the following is the atomic number that has 12 protons and 12 neotrons
o 12
o 24
o 1
o 144

Answer 16

24

Question 17

Which of the following glands synthesizes antidiuretic hormone?
o Pineal gland
o Hypothalamus
o Thymus
o Pancreas

Answer 17

Hypothalamus

Question 18

Which of the following is the process in which an ovarian follicle matures and releases a reproductive egg?
o Menstruation
o Ovulation
o Fertilization
o Oogenesis

Answer 18

Ovulation

Question 19

Which of the following reasons explains why it is important for new scientific findings to be published?
o Publishing findings will help scientists become more biased
o Other scientists can validate or disapprove the findings
o Scientists will get paid if their findings are published
o This prevents other scientist from performing similar tests.

Answer 19

Other scientists can validate or disapprove the findings

Question 20

Which of the following substances is responsible for donating H+ ions to act as a buffer when blood pH rises?
o Carbon dioxide
o Carbon monoxide
o Oxygen​
o Carbonic acid

Answer 20

Carbonic acid

Question 21

Which of the following is the structure through which blood exits the glomerulus?
o Proximal tubule
o Distal tubule
o Afferent arteriole
o Efferent arteriole

Answer 21

Efferent arteriole

Question 22

Which of the following is the function of totipotent cell?
o Carries electrical impulses
o Fights infectious diseases
o Aids the maturation of sex cells
o Develops into any kind of cell

Answer 22

Develops into any kind of cell

Question 23

Which of the following statements best supports the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer?
o Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses
o Viruses and cancer cells both replicate rapidly
o Cancerous and normal cells share genetic sequences
o Cellular DNA has sequences related to viral sequences

Answer 23

Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses

Question 24

In a phase diagram, which of the following is the term used for a substance held at temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously?
o Critical point
o Triple point
o Critical temperature
o Absolute zero

Answer 24

Triple point

Question 25

Which of the following microorganisms lack their own metabolic pathways and can reproduce inside a host cell? o Protozoa o Helminths o Viruses o Bacteria

Answer 25

Viruses

Question 26

If a portion of a strand of DNA bases reads 5’ AGCTAGCGT 3’, what would the sequence of bases on the complementary stand read? o 3’ AGCTSGCGT 5’ o 5’ UCGAUCGCA 3’ o 5’ TCGUTCGCU 3’ o 3’ TCGATCGCA 5’

Answer 26

3’ TCGATCGCA 5’

Question 27

. In a phase diagram, which of the following is the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure the liquid and gaseous phases of a substance merge together into a single phase? o Critical point o Triple point o Critical temperature o Absolute zero

Answer 27

Critical point

Question 28

Which of the following indicates the function of sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas? o Sodium bicarbonate stimulates the pyloric sphincter o Sodium bicarbonate is a protease that digests carbohydrates o Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chime o Sodium bicarbonate inhibits peristalsis

Answer 28

Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chime

Question 29

Which of the following types of cells produce and release antibodies? o Natural killer cells o Helper T-cells o Cytotoxic cells o Plasma B cells

Answer 29

Plasma B cells

Question 30

The cytoskeleton of a cell is comprised of which of the following macromolecules? o Proteins o Carbohydrates o Nuclear acids o Lipids

Answer 30

Proteins

Question 31

Which of the following summarizes a change that takes place as a solid turns into a liquid? o Intermolecular forces between particles become stronger o Particles move closer together o Particles become less ordered o Particles have a decrease in mobility

Answer 31

Particles become less ordered

Question 32

Which of the following are specific immune response (select all that apply)? o T lymphocyte activation and clonal expansion o Antibody production o The formation of memory B cells o Complement proteins binding to and destroying bacteria o Endocytosis of a virus by a phagocytic lymphocyte

Answer 32

The formation of memory B cells T lymphocyte activation and clonal expansion Complement proteins binding to and destroying bacteria

Question 33

Which of the following is the main function of centrosomes in animal cells? o Pathogen digestion o Organelle trafficking o Microtubule organization o Cytoplasm

Answer 33

Microtubule organization

Question 34

Testosterone is categorized as which of the following types of hormone? o Aldosterone o Progestin o Androgen o Estrogen

Answer 34

Androgen

Question 35

Which of the following are the two major parts of the nervous system? o Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system o Peripheral nervous system and somatic nervous system o Autonomic nervous system and central nervous system o Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system ​

Answer 35

Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system

Question 36

Hiker who found a human body at high altitude in the Italian Alps thought the man had died recently, but tests indicate that he was shot with an arrow more than 5,000 years ago. Which of the following would be the best reason for prolonged preservation of the body? o The body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found o The food that the person ate contained toxins that killed the bacteria that would otherwise destroyed the body o The arrow wound caused blood to flow out of the body, which led enzymes that would break down tissue to be cleared from the body o The ultraviolet rays at such a high altitude caused all the body’s molecules to be preserved.

Answer 36

The body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found

Question 37

Nitrogen gas is an extremely stable because its structure contain which of the following? o Hydrogen bonds o Triple covalent bonds o Resonance bonds o Ionic bond

Answer 37

Triple covalent bonds

Question 38

Which of the following best describes the result of using a catalyst in a chemical reaction? o The yield of a product is increased o A greater amount of heat energy is released by the reaction o A more desirable product is often formed o The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.

Answer 38

The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.

Question 39

Which of the following substances protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation? o Kerstin o Melanin o Perspiration o Sebum

Answer 39

Melanin

Question 40

In a hypertonic solution, water flows through aquaporins embedded in the plasma membrane of the cell. This type of transport is best known as which of the following? o Osmosis o Active transport o Facilitated diffusion o Diffusion

Answer 40

Osmosis

Question 41

Which of the following is a group that can be measured against the experimental group? o Control o Variable o Manipulated o Responding

Answer 41

Control

Question 42

A myocardial infarction affects which of the following blood vessels of the heart? o Coronary artery o Pulmonary o Vena cava o Aorta

Answer 42

Coronary artery

Question 43

Which of the following processes caused most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to most into alveoli? o Active transport using energy o Diffusion down a concertation gradient o Passive transport using carrier proteins o Conversion to carbon monoxide

Answer 43

Diffusion down a concertation gradient

Question 44

Which of the following substances is excreted by sweat glands in response to the breakdown of proteins and the formation of ammonia? o Sebum o Water o Urea o Lysozymes

Answer 44

Urea

Question 45

Lithium has an atomic number of 3 and a mass of 7, which of the following is the number of protons in a lithium atom o 12 o 7 o 4 o 3

Answer 45

3

Question 46

Which of the following allows the AIDS virus, which contains RNA to insert viral DNA into the DNA of a host T-cells after the AIDS virus enters the cells? o Receptor proteins located on the surface of the virus o Reverse transcriptase, an enzyme encoded by the virus o The phospholipids found on the envelope of the virus o The protein that makes up the capsid of the virus

Answer 46

Receptor proteins located on the surface of the virus

Question 47

A patient’s urine output was 800 ml/hr. following a treatment, the patient’s urine output increased to 1200 ml/hr. What is the percentage change in the urine output? (round the answer to the nearest whole number)

Answer 47

50%

Question 48

Which of the following parts of the central nervous system releases chemicals that regulate the pituitary gland? o Hypothalamus o Cerebellum o Thalamus o Spinal cord

Answer 48

Hypothalamus

Question 49

The shortening of a sarcomere in skeletal muscle is directly due to the interactional of which of the following? o Acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase o Pepsin and pepsinogen o Myosin and actin o Dynein and kinesin

Answer 49

Myosin and actin

Question 50

Mutations in which of the following types of cells can be inherited by offspring? o Ovarian o endocrine o neural o muscle

Answer 50

Ovarian

Question 51

Which of the following describes the function of tendons? o Tendons attach skeletal muscle to bone o Tendons attach two bones o Tendons attach bones to ligaments o Tendons attach skeletal muscles to ligaments

Answer 51

Tendons attach skeletal muscle to bone

Question 52

Which of the following substances is excreted by sweet glands in response to the breakdown of protein and the formation of ammonia? o Lysoymes o Water o Urea o Sebum

Answer 52

Urea

Question 53

Which of the following terms describes the removal of metabolic waste from the body? o Secretion o catabolism o anabolism o excretion

Answer 53

Excretion

Question 54

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which of the following describes the resulting osmosis? o There is no flow of water o The net flow of water into and out of the cell is zero o There is a net flow of water out of the cell o There is a net flow of water into the cell.

Answer 54

The net flow of water out of cell

Question 55

Which of the following is an example of active transport? o Aquaporins in kidney cells that help concentrate urine o Movement of substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration o Movement of a sodium and potassium across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. o Loss of water from a cell in a hypertonic solution

Answer 55

Movement of a sodium and potassium across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient.

Question 56

Which of the following vessels is responsible for carrying blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart? o Pulmonary veins o Aorta o Pulmonary arteries o Superior vena cava

Answer 56

Superior vena cava

Question 57

Carbohydrates are composed of which of the following? o Nucleic acids o Monosaccharides o Isoprenoids o Amino acids

Answer 57

Monosaccharides

Question 58

The following equation summarizes the carbonic acid-bicarbonate ion buffer system of the blood CO2+H2O àH2CO3 à HCO3- +H+ Which of the following equations shows the reaction that takes place when there are excessive H+ ions? o H2CO3 à CO2 + H2O o HCO3- + H+ à H2CO3 o CO2 + H2O à H2CO3 o H2CO3 à HCO3- +H+

Answer 58

HCO3- + H+ à H2CO3

Question 59

A student investigating the importance of wavelengths above and below the visible spectrum for photosynthesis sets up an experiment as follows over a 2 month period, all with illumination at 1 meter distance from plants grown with the same sol and watering conditions 3 Arabidopsis plant exposed to ultraviolet light (UV) 3 Arabidopsis plants exposed to infrared light (IR) 3 Arabidopsis plants exposed to white light At the end of the experiment, she finds that the IR treated plants are scorched, the UV treated plants have wilted, but the white light created plants are growing normally. Which of the following statements is most likely to be correct? o Three plants do not produce sufficient replications to draw a conclusion o Wavelength of lights the only variable that has been changed between groups o The wavelength of light does not affect photosynthesis o Infracted light contains more energy than the other wavelengths.

Answer 59

Wavelength of lights the only variable that has been changed between groups

Question 60

Which of the following is a weakness of a correlational study? o Cannot be replicated o Cannot determine causation o Inability to control independent variables o Too many variables to control

Answer 60

Cannot determine causation

Question 61

A vasectomy is a procedure in which the vas deferens are cut. Which of the following describes why a vasectomy leads to infertility? o The vasectomy blocks the movement of sperm from the prostate gland to the bulbourethral gland o The vasectomy blocks the movement of sperm from the epididymis into urethra o The vasectomy blocks the movement of sperm from the ejaculatory duct into the bulbourethral glad o The vasectomy blocks movement of sperm from a testis into the epididymis

Answer 61

The vasectomy blocks movement of sperm from a testis into the epididymis

Question 62

Lifelong protection after exposure to a virus such as chickenpox is due to which of the following types of immunity? o Nonspecific o Innate o Transplantation o Active

Answer 62

Active

Question 63

An equal mass of which of the following states of matter could completely fill either a 100 ml or 500 ml container? o Gas o Solid o Mixture o Liquid

Answer 63

Gas

Question 64

Carbon has an atomic number of 6. Which of the following is true about isotope C-12 o C-12 possesses 7 neutrons and 5 electrons in its nucleus o C-12 possesses 6 protons and 6 electrons in its nucleus o C-12 possesses 6 neutrons and 6 protons in its nucleus o C-12 possesses 7 protons and 5 neutrons in its nucleus.

Answer 64

C-12 possesses 6 neutrons and 6 protons in its nucleus

Question 65

Permanent damage to which of the following types of tissues in the spinal cord will cause paralysis o Nervous tissue o Muscle tissue o Bone tissue o Connective tissue

Answer 65

Nervous tissue

Question 66

Which of the following statements about COVID-19 vaccine initiation is supported by the data below? **There is a graph not included** o The highest daily rate occurred in December o The cumulative total for January is around 13 million o The cumulative total fell by 2 million between January 9 and January 10 o The daily rate for December 29 and January 5 are similar

Answer 66

The daily rate for December 29 and January 5 are similar

Question 67

How many times larger is the volume of a cube that is 4 mm on all sides compared to the volume of a cube that is 2 mm on all sides (round the answer to the nearest whole number) 8 times

Answer 67

8 times

Question 68

. A researcher collects high-resolution photographs of the earth taken from outer space at annual intervals for the last decades. This data would be most useful to analyse which of the following? o Human movement during crises o Migration patterns of large whales o Weather patterns during hurricanes o Deforestation in the rainforest

Answer 68

Weather patterns during hurricanes

Question 69

Identify the pathway of blood trough the components of the cardiovascular system, starting with the blood entering the heart through the superior vena cava. (move the options into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order. use all options) o Pulmonary artery o Lungs o Right atrium o Right ventricle o Pulmonary valve

Answer 69

Right atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Lungs

Question 70

Which of the following body systems develop from the same origin tissue as lungs? o Genitourinary system o Musculoskeletal system o Neuromuscular system o Gastrointestinal

Answer 70

Gastrointestinal

Question 71

A scientist predicts that germinating beans will use more oxygen than non-germinating beans. This prediction is referred to as which of the following? o A conclusion o An observation o A hypothesis o Date collection

Answer 71

A hypothesis

Question 72

Which of the following processes causes most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to move into alveoli? o Active transport using energy o Diffusion down a concentration gradient o Conversion to carbon monoxide o Passive transport using carrier proteins

Answer 72

Diffusion down a concentration gradient

Question 73

Which of the following is a property of water? o Water is made up of one molecule of hydrogen and two molecules of oxygen o Water dissolves polar ionic compounds o Water requires less heat than ethanol to raise its temperature o Solid water is denser than liquid water.

Answer 73

Water dissolves polar ionic compounds

Question 74

Which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius o Ge o C o Sn o Si

Answer 74

C

Question 75

Which of the following pancreatic secretions digests starch into disaccharides o Trypsin o Chymotrypsin o Amylase o lipase

Answer 75

Amylase

Question 76

Which of the following units is used to indicate mass? o Cm3 o Irm o Mg o Ml

Answer 76

Mg

Question 77

Histones are proteins associated with which of the following? o Blood o Sperm cells o Hair follicles o DNA

Answer 77

DNA

Question 78

When an ionic salt is dissolved in water, the ions CO3 and K+ are formed. Which is the formula for the salt? o KCO3 o When an ionic salt is dissolved in water, the ions CO3 and K+ are formed. Which is the formula for the salt? o KCO3 o K2CO3 o K3CO2 o K(CO3)2 o K3CO2 o K(CO3)2

Answer 78

o K2CO3

Question 79

A researcher is gathering large amounts of data about patients who have a common disease and the effectiveness of various medications in comparison to a placebo. Which of the following types of graphs is the best way for the researcher to present the data? o Bar graph o Line graph o Pie chart o Flow chart

Answer 79

Bar graph

Question 80

Which of the following describes why water has a concave, or downward-curving meniscus when poured in a glass beaker? o Glass has a higher density than water o Water has a higher density than glass o The adhesive forces with the glass are greater than the cohesive forces o The cohesive forces with the glass are greater than tha adhesive forces.

Answer 80

The adhesive forces with the glass are greater than the cohesive forces

Question 81

Which of the following statements correctly describes the change in coat coloring of an arctic for from brown in summer to white in winter? o The fox’s phenotype changes, but the genotype does not o The fox’s genotype changes, but the phenotype does not o Both the phenotype and genotype of the fox change o Neither the phenotype nor the genotype of the fox change.

Answer 81

The fox’s phenotype changes, but the genotype does not

Question 82

Which of the following best describes adaptive immunity? o The body’s barrier defences, such as mucous membranes and secretions o The initiation of internal defences, such as phagocytes and natural killer cells o The initiation of the inflammatory response o A response to specific traits of specific pathogens.

Answer 82

A response to specific traits of specific pathogens.

Question 83

. If a portion of a strand of DNA bases reads 5’AGCTAGCGT 3’. What would the sequence of bases on the complementary strand read? o 3’TCGATCGCA5’ o 5’TCGUTCGU3’ o 5’UCGAUCGCA3’ o 3’AGCTAGCGT5’

Answer 83

3’TCGATCGCA5’

Question 84

Which of the following is a function of a catalyst? o To increase the activation energy of a reaction o To increase the rate of reaction o To convert a nonspontaneous reaction to a spontaneous reaction o To increase the product yield

Answer 84

To increase the rate of reaction

Question 85

Which of the following describes the process by which solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) turns directly into carbon dioxide gas? o Sublimation o Deposition o Condensation o Evaporation

Answer 85

Sublimation

Question 86

Which of the following occurs during inhalation? o Air moves from areas of low pressure to areas of high pressure o The diaphragm moves downwards o The ribcage lowers o The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases

Answer 86

The diaphragm moves downwards

Question 87

Which of the following body cavities is subdivided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? o Dorsal o Cranial o Ventral o Vertebral

Answer 87

Ventral

Question 88

Which of the following layers of kin contains glands and hair follicles? o Stratum lucidum o Dermis o Hypodermis o Stratum corneum

Answer 88

Dermis

Question 89

Which of the following structures is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? o Endoplasmic reticulum o Chloroplast o Cell membrane o Golgi apparatus

Answer 89

Cell membrane

Question 90

Which of the following is true if Koch’s postulates are met regarding a disease? o The disease is caused by a microorganism o The disease is hereditary o The disease is the result of a dietary deficiency o The disease is non-infectious.

Answer 90

The disease is caused by a microorganism

Question 91

Which of the following is a part of pulmonary circuit? o Superior vena cava o Pulmonary vein o Bronchial artery o Aorta

Answer 91

Pulmonary vein