Science

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 2

vertebrate-

Answer 2

organism characterized by a backbone

Question 3

invertebrate-

Answer 3

organism lacking a backbone

Question 4

homologous structure-

Answer 4

a similar structure, different function

Question 5

analogous structure-

Answer 5

different structure, same function

Question 6

vestigial structure-

Answer 6

sometimes species evolve and they don’t need a certain body part anymore

Question 7

law of superposition-

Answer 7

the rock on the top is newer than the rock on the bottom

Question 8

index fossil-

Answer 8

widely distributed organisms, only live in one layer, and are unique

Question 9

calenders-

Answer 9

finds relative age

Question 10

radioactivity dating-

Answer 10

finds the absolute age

Question 11

cladogram-

Answer 11

a diagram that shows relations between different organisms

Question 12

What makes something an index fossil?

Answer 12

it is unique, only found in 1 layer, and everywhere in that layer

Question 13

biological fitness-

Answer 13

the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce

Question 14

natural selection-

Answer 14

process in which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 15

variation-

Answer 15

each individual has it’s own unique combination of traits

Question 16

genetic variation-

Answer 16

individuals need to be different in order for natural selection to work

Question 17

embryological development-

Answer 17

development of an embryo from the fertilization to the fetus stage

Question 18

genotype-

Answer 18

genetic makeup (AA, Aa, aa)

Question 19

Phenotype-

Answer 19

physical trait (freckles, blonde hair)

Question 20

Dominant-

Answer 20

shown by capital letter, this trait always shows

Question 21

recessive-

Answer 21

shown by a lowercase letter, needs 2 recessive alleles to show

Question 22

homozygous dominant-

Answer 22

AA

Question 23

heterozygous-

Answer 23

Aa

Question 24

homozygous recessive-

Answer 24

aa

Question 25

key beds-

Answer 25

thin layer of rock that is unique and wide spread

Question 26

relative dating-

Answer 26

process of determining if one rock or geologic event is older or younger

Question 27

cross-cutting-

Answer 27

rock layer that cuts over the newer layers

Question 28

three types of mutations

Answer 28

beneficial, neutral, harmful