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exams t2 2023 > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Elements

A

A molecule composed of one kind of atom; cannot be broken into simpler units by chemical reactions.

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2
Q

Compounds

A

2 or more elements chemically combined

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3
Q

Mixtures

A

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

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4
Q

Sub-atomic particles

A

protons, neutrons, electrons

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5
Q

proton

A

Postively charged particles

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6
Q

Neutron

A

Neutral charged particle

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7
Q

electron

A

negatively charged particles

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8
Q

mass (amu)

A

atomic mass unit

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9
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons of the atom

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10
Q

atomic mass

A

number of protons and neutrons

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11
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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12
Q

changing the number of neutrons…

A

Doesn’t change the element.

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13
Q

Changing the number of protons…

A

changes the element

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14
Q

Mitosis

A

cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes. results in 2 nuclei and occurs in non reproducing cells.

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15
Q

Meiosis

A

a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores. Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms.

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16
Q

Gametes

A

sex cells

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17
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.

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18
Q

Haploid

A

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

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19
Q

Diploid

A

2 sets of chromosomes

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20
Q

PMAT

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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21
Q

PMAT

A

cell division process

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22
Q

Mitosis goes through pmat…

A

once

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23
Q

Meiosis goes through pmat

A

Twice

24
Q

Chromtaid

A

one half of a duplicated chromosome

25
Q

homologous pair

A

a pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have relatively similar structures and gene values

26
Q

Mitosis has

A

chromtaid

27
Q

Meiosis had

A

Homologous pairs

28
Q

Prophase (Before)

A

first and longest phase of cell division process, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus

29
Q

Metaphase (meet in middle)

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

30
Q

Anaphase (Away)

A

Phase of pmat in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

31
Q

Telophase (two cells)

A

After the chromosome seperates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of pmat

32
Q

paternal copies

A

Father genes

33
Q

Maternal copies

A

Mother genes

34
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

35
Q

Chromosomes

A

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

36
Q

Genes

A

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. (Characteristics)

37
Q

homozygous dominant

A

Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and dominant (AA)

38
Q

Heterozygous

A

having two different alleles for a trait(Aa)

39
Q

homozygous recessive

A

Both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and recessive (aa)

40
Q

The word atom means

A

indivisible

41
Q

The word atom means

A

indivisible

42
Q

isotope

A

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

43
Q

Radioisotopes

A

An isotope that has an unstable nucleus and undergoes radioactive decay. Losing neutrons to become more stable.

44
Q

radioactive decay

A

The breakdown of a radioactive element, releasing particles and energy

45
Q

raditation

A

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

46
Q

half-life

A

length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay

47
Q

Ions

A

positively and negatively charged atoms

48
Q

alkai metals

A

reactive elements of Group 1 in the periodic table, soft with low melting points

49
Q

Halogens

A

Contains nonmetals, 7 valence electrons in it’s outermost energy level. Very reactive

50
Q

Noble gases

A

Elements in group 8A of the periodic table. Have no charge and are gases under normal conditions. (Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon). stable

51
Q

The number of shells present in an element is equal to

A

The period number of the element

52
Q

Dominant genotype

A

AA

53
Q

Recessive genotype

A

aa

54
Q

Genotype

A

genetic makeup, what genes the person carries

55
Q

phenotypes

A

Physical expressions of genetic trait, what the person actual has. eg. brown hair

exams t2 2023 (1 decks)

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