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[3Q] monthly exam > SCIENCE > Flashcards

SCIENCE Flashcards

1
Q

what does tRNA stand for?

A

transfer rna

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2
Q

the synthesis of an mRNA based on a DNA template through base pairing

A

transcription

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3
Q

the knoblike structure of a synapse

A

synaptic knob

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4
Q

transmits nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the effectors

A

efferent neuron / motor neuron

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5
Q

powerhouse of the cell

A

mitochondria

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6
Q

responsible for homeostasis

A

organelles

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7
Q

occupies a larger area; opens to the vagina

A

vaginal opening

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8
Q

what are the four lobes of the brain?

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobe

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9
Q

repeated translation

A

elongation

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10
Q

one of the most significant biological event of this century

A

discovery of the dna structure

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11
Q

when the mRNA attaches to the smaller subunit of the ribosomes, tRNA from the cytoplasm enters the larger subunit of the ribosome with a three-letter code anticodon

A

translation

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12
Q

spaces within the erectile tissue of the penis responsible for erection

A

sinuses

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13
Q

evident in the regulation of the menstrual cycle

A

neuroendocrine control

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14
Q

pear-shaped, three-walled organ; provides mechanical protection for the embryo; accepts a fertilized ovum

A

uterus

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15
Q

a large amount of luteinizing hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland; the shortest phase

A

ovulatory phase

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16
Q

two new DNA molecules are formed

A

termination

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17
Q

also called the sperm duct or ductus deferens is the continuation of the epididymis which moves up into the pelvic cavity; carries sperm up to the urethra and prostate

A

vas deferens

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18
Q

helpful in maintaining the internal balance of the body

A

feedback loop circuit

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19
Q

nerve impulses travel as fast as the speed of _____

A

electricity

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20
Q

two tubes leading from the ovaries into the uterus; the main site for the fertilization of the ovum

A

oviducts

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21
Q

higher control center; responsible for complex nervous processing

A

brain

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22
Q

the middle membrane

A

arachnoid mater

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23
Q

the first day of the cycle; the development of follicles to a mature state; ends as ovulation begins

A

follicular phase

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24
Q

constrictions where transmission of impulses occur thus increasing the speed of transmission a hundred-fold

A

nodes of ranvier

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25
Q

the basic structural unit of the nervous system

A

neurons

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26
Q

contain chemical substances called neurotransmitters

A

synaptic vesicles

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27
Q

a hormone to get a follicle ready for ovulation

A

follicle-stimulating hormone / fsh

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28
Q

secreted by the ovary for gradual thickening of the inner uterine lining, the endometrium

A

estrogen

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29
Q

a special network of the nervous system

A

neural circuits

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30
Q

membranes that serve for protection and source of nourishment of the brain

A

meninges

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31
Q

exhibit a very high level of specificity; carry important information to different parts of the body; can regulate growth and development, and control blood sugar and calcium levels in the blood and bones

A

hormones

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32
Q

transmits signals to the skeletal muscles in response to external stimuli

A

somatic nervous division

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33
Q

transmits nerve impulses from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron

A

interneuron / associating neuron

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34
Q

made of long fiber and transmits impulses away from the soma

A

axon

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35
Q

the organ responsible for the nervous control of the menstrual cycle; controls the secretion of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

hypothalamus

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36
Q

responsible for auditory input

A

temporal lobe

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37
Q

the addition of new DNA nucleotides

A

polymerization

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38
Q

the inner membrane attached to the surface of the brain

A

pia mater

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39
Q

foreskin protecting and supporting the structure of the penis

A

prepuce

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40
Q

excitatory in nature

A

acetylcholine

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41
Q

the attachment of primers which are RNA nucleotides where DNA nucleotides can attach to

A

priming

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42
Q

the process by which the cells create new proteins for various purposes.

A

protein synthesis

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43
Q

a collective term that refers to the external organs

A

vulva

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44
Q

lower control center; responsible for the involuntary responses to different stimuli

A

spinal cord

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45
Q

folds of the skin lying in between the labia majora

A

labia minora

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46
Q

transmits nerve impulses from a receptor to the brain or spinal cord

A

afferent / sensory neuron

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47
Q

an involuntary response to a stimulus; brain control is unnecessary

A

reflex action

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48
Q

two oval-shaped organs that produce ova and hormones like estrogen and progesterone

A

ovaries

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49
Q

are dilated saclike structures attached to the ends of the vas deferens and attached to one side of the urinary bladder; create a thick, sticky, yellowish fluid that contains fructose or sugar

A

seminal vesicles

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50
Q

secrets increasing amounts of progesterone

A

corpus luteum

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51
Q

this system controls the activities of the different organ systems

A

nervous system

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52
Q

composed of the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system / cns

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53
Q

a pouch that hangs behind the penis and holds and protects the testes

A

scrotum

54
Q

a very thin mucous membrane that is provided with several capillaries

A

hymen

55
Q

found on either side of the vaginal opening; secretes mucous which lubricates the vagina during intercourse

A

vestibular glands / bartholin’s glands

56
Q

the outer tougher and thicker membrane

A

dura mater

57
Q

the space or gap between the presynaptic unit and the postsynaptic unit

A

synaptic cleft

58
Q

the system in charge of controlling and regulating body processes

A

endocrine system

59
Q

the largest part of the cell

A

soma or cell body

60
Q

a bundle of nerve fibers or axons that transmit nerve impulses

A

nerve

61
Q

composed of the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

A

hindbrain

62
Q

an electrochemical signal that help the neurons coordinate with other nerve cells

A

nerve impulse

63
Q

two rounded folds of adipose tissue with overlying skin

A

labia majora

64
Q

muscles or glands that elicit the responses

A

effectors

65
Q

spaces or gaps in between neurons

A

synapse

66
Q

nerve fibers with a myelin sheath

A

medullated / myelinated nerve fiber

67
Q

what are the three parts of the brain?

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

68
Q

a small orifice that is about 2.5 cm below the clitoris; where urine is discharged

A

urethral opening

69
Q

a conical structure lying below the urinary bladder; produces a thin, milky, alkaline fluid that helps in the viability of the sperm

A

prostate gland

70
Q

controls the cell

A

nucleus

71
Q

a knoblike tip of each branch of the terminal ends of an axon

A

presynaptic unit

72
Q

the tubelike organ which extends from the tip of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis; carries urine and sperm

A

urethra

73
Q

copulatory organ which is a long muscular shaft

A

penis

74
Q

the unwinding of the two DNA strands

A

initiation

75
Q

formation of sperm cells

A

spermatogenesis

76
Q

also called the neck of the uterus; a lower, narrow portion of the uterus that joins with the top end of the vagina; allows fluids to flow in and out

A

cervix

77
Q

the shedding of the endometrial wall

A

menstruation

78
Q

several microscopic coiled tubules where spermatogenesis takes place

A

seminiferous tubules

79
Q

penetrates the base of the prostate gland and opens into the urethra

A

ejaculatory duct

80
Q

located in the breast; produce milk for the nourishment of the newborn child

A

mammary glands

81
Q

where mature sperm is stored; a mass of coiled tubes cupping the posterior aspect of a testis

A

epididymis

82
Q

responsible for touch, pressure, temperature, kinesthesia (sense of position), and movements

A

parietal lobe

83
Q

has an inhibitory effect

A

gamma-aminobutyric acid / gaba

84
Q

made up of one or more short branching fibers that transmit nerve impulses toward the soma

A

dendrite

85
Q

what does dna stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

86
Q

a type of nucleic acid made up of nucleotides

A

dna

87
Q

a pentose or five carbon sugar

A

deoxyribose / ribose

88
Q

the process of producing proteins with the help of the three RNAs

A

protein synthesis

89
Q

a firm, cushion-like elevation of fat or adipose tissue over the symphysis pubis covered by pubic hair

A

mons pubis

90
Q

a translation process occurs at the stop codon on the mRNA

A

termination

91
Q

electricity produced by chemical reaction

A

electrochemical

92
Q

a watery fluid between the inner and middle membrane which serves as a cushion against pressure and shock

A

cerebrospinal fluid

93
Q

building blocks of an acid

A

nucleotides

94
Q

a segment of DNA unzips

A

initiation or unzipping

95
Q

secrete hormones into the blood.

A

endocrine glands

96
Q

known as the birth canal; a fibro-muscular tubular canal which is about 12-15 cm; receives the penis during sexual intercourse

A

vagina

97
Q

how many kilograms does a brain weigh?

A

1.5 kgs

98
Q

allows perception of the stimuli from the external environment and monitors the status of the internal environment by coordinating the functions of the internal organs

A

sensory division

99
Q

consists of neurons, nerves, and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.

A

peripheral nervous system / pns

100
Q

white blood cells

A

leukocytes

101
Q

the foreskin is removed through this surgical process

A

circumcision

102
Q

how does dna and rna differ in number of strands?

A

dna has two, rna has one

103
Q

the male reproductive organs contained inside the scrotum; 5 cm in length

A

testes

104
Q

an organ that receives or perceives a stimulus

A

receptor

105
Q

the cleft between the labia minora

A

vestibule

106
Q

composed of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus

A

forebrain

107
Q

continuous maintenance of internal balance

A

parasympathetic system

108
Q

fluid inside the cell for chemical reactions

A

cytoplasm

109
Q

process of duplicating the entire genome prior to cell division

A

dna replication

110
Q

an adipose or fatty covering of a nerve responsible for faster transmission of pulses

A

myelin sheath

111
Q

controls and coordinates functions of the organs and helps maintain internal balance or homeostasis

A

autonomic division

112
Q

nerve fibers without a myelin sheath

A

nonmedullated / unmyelinated nerve fiber

113
Q

carries the hormones to specific organs or receptors

A

bloodstream

114
Q

bulb-shaped tip of the penis; responsible for urination and protection

A

glans

115
Q

stimulus

A

cause of response

116
Q

the extension of the cytoplasm of the cell body

A

cytoplasmic process

117
Q

messenger RNA for the tRNA to interpret; found inside the ribosomes; binds the amino acids into chains which will come out as protein chains

A

mRNA

118
Q

responsible for initiating movements, controlling movements of the head and eye muscles, speech and language comprehension, emotional behavior, and mental processing

A

frontal lobe

119
Q

the fight-or-flight system that allows an organism to respond to emergency situations

A

sympathetic system

120
Q

a small, rubber hammer to test reflexes

A

reflex hammer

121
Q

what does rna stand for?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

122
Q

what does rRNA stand for?

A

ribosomal RNA

123
Q

red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

124
Q

what is the difference of the DNA and RNA structure?

A

rna has uracil instead of thymine unlike dna

125
Q

a pea-shaped projection of erectile tissue, nerves, and blood vessels found above the vestibule

A

clitoris

126
Q

two glands almost about the size of a pea that secretes a lubricating mucous that neutralizes acidity

A

bulbourethral glands or cowper’s glands

127
Q

biologists who were awarded the Nobel Prize Award for Physiology for their work on the structure of the DNA in 1953

A

james watson and francis crick

128
Q

a fluid that contains sperm

A

semen

129
Q

can either be dendrites of the adjacent neuron, the plasma membrane of the soma of the next neuron, or the cell membranes of the effectors

A

postsynaptic unit

130
Q

are found scattered between the seminiferous tubular tissues and produce hormones like testosterone and androgen

A

interstitial cells of leydig

131
Q

responsible for visual sensory information

A

occipital lobe

132
Q

the follicle closes and becomes a corpus luteum

A

luteal phase

[3Q] monthly exam (3 decks)

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