SCIENCE Flashcards
1
Q
what does tRNA stand for?
A
transfer rna
2
Q
the synthesis of an mRNA based on a DNA template through base pairing
A
transcription
3
Q
the knoblike structure of a synapse
A
synaptic knob
4
Q
transmits nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the effectors
A
efferent neuron / motor neuron
5
Q
powerhouse of the cell
A
mitochondria
6
Q
responsible for homeostasis
A
organelles
7
Q
occupies a larger area; opens to the vagina
A
vaginal opening
8
Q
what are the four lobes of the brain?
A
frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobe
9
Q
repeated translation
A
elongation
10
Q
one of the most significant biological event of this century
A
discovery of the dna structure
11
Q
when the mRNA attaches to the smaller subunit of the ribosomes, tRNA from the cytoplasm enters the larger subunit of the ribosome with a three-letter code anticodon
A
translation
12
Q
spaces within the erectile tissue of the penis responsible for erection
A
sinuses
13
Q
evident in the regulation of the menstrual cycle
A
neuroendocrine control
14
Q
pear-shaped, three-walled organ; provides mechanical protection for the embryo; accepts a fertilized ovum
A
uterus
15
Q
a large amount of luteinizing hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland; the shortest phase
A
ovulatory phase
16
Q
two new DNA molecules are formed
A
termination
17
Q
also called the sperm duct or ductus deferens is the continuation of the epididymis which moves up into the pelvic cavity; carries sperm up to the urethra and prostate
A
vas deferens
18
Q
helpful in maintaining the internal balance of the body
A
feedback loop circuit
19
Q
nerve impulses travel as fast as the speed of _____
A
electricity
20
Q
two tubes leading from the ovaries into the uterus; the main site for the fertilization of the ovum
A
oviducts
21
Q
higher control center; responsible for complex nervous processing
A
brain
22
Q
the middle membrane
A
arachnoid mater
23
Q
the first day of the cycle; the development of follicles to a mature state; ends as ovulation begins
A
follicular phase
24
Q
constrictions where transmission of impulses occur thus increasing the speed of transmission a hundred-fold
A
nodes of ranvier
25
the basic structural unit of the nervous system
neurons
26
contain chemical substances called neurotransmitters
synaptic vesicles
27
a hormone to get a follicle ready for ovulation
follicle-stimulating hormone / fsh
28
secreted by the ovary for gradual thickening of the inner uterine lining, the endometrium
estrogen
29
a special network of the nervous system
neural circuits
30
membranes that serve for protection and source of nourishment of the brain
meninges
31
exhibit a very high level of specificity; carry important information to different parts of the body; can regulate growth and development, and control blood sugar and calcium levels in the blood and bones
hormones
32
transmits signals to the skeletal muscles in response to external stimuli
somatic nervous division
33
transmits nerve impulses from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron
interneuron / associating neuron
34
made of long fiber and transmits impulses away from the soma
axon
35
the organ responsible for the nervous control of the menstrual cycle; controls the secretion of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the luteinizing hormone (LH)
hypothalamus
36
responsible for auditory input
temporal lobe
37
the addition of new DNA nucleotides
polymerization
38
the inner membrane attached to the surface of the brain
pia mater
39
foreskin protecting and supporting the structure of the penis
prepuce
40
excitatory in nature
acetylcholine
41
the attachment of primers which are RNA nucleotides where DNA nucleotides can attach to
priming
42
the process by which the cells create new proteins for various purposes.
protein synthesis
43
a collective term that refers to the external organs
vulva
44
lower control center; responsible for the involuntary responses to different stimuli
spinal cord
45
folds of the skin lying in between the labia majora
labia minora
46
transmits nerve impulses from a receptor to the brain or spinal cord
afferent / sensory neuron
47
an involuntary response to a stimulus; brain control is unnecessary
reflex action
48
two oval-shaped organs that produce ova and hormones like estrogen and progesterone
ovaries
49
are dilated saclike structures attached to the ends of the vas deferens and attached to one side of the urinary bladder; create a thick, sticky, yellowish fluid that contains fructose or sugar
seminal vesicles
50
secrets increasing amounts of progesterone
corpus luteum
51
this system controls the activities of the different organ systems
nervous system
52
composed of the brain and spinal cord
central nervous system / cns
53
a pouch that hangs behind the penis and holds and protects the testes
scrotum
54
a very thin mucous membrane that is provided with several capillaries
hymen
55
found on either side of the vaginal opening; secretes mucous which lubricates the vagina during intercourse
vestibular glands / bartholin's glands
56
the outer tougher and thicker membrane
dura mater
57
the space or gap between the presynaptic unit and the postsynaptic unit
synaptic cleft
58
the system in charge of controlling and regulating body processes
endocrine system
59
the largest part of the cell
soma or cell body
60
a bundle of nerve fibers or axons that transmit nerve impulses
nerve
61
composed of the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata
hindbrain
62
an electrochemical signal that help the neurons coordinate with other nerve cells
nerve impulse
63
two rounded folds of adipose tissue with overlying skin
labia majora
64
muscles or glands that elicit the responses
effectors
65
spaces or gaps in between neurons
synapse
66
nerve fibers with a myelin sheath
medullated / myelinated nerve fiber
67
what are the three parts of the brain?
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
68
a small orifice that is about 2.5 cm below the clitoris; where urine is discharged
urethral opening
69
a conical structure lying below the urinary bladder; produces a thin, milky, alkaline fluid that helps in the viability of the sperm
prostate gland
70
controls the cell
nucleus
71
a knoblike tip of each branch of the terminal ends of an axon
presynaptic unit
72
the tubelike organ which extends from the tip of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis; carries urine and sperm
urethra
73
copulatory organ which is a long muscular shaft
penis
74
the unwinding of the two DNA strands
initiation
75
formation of sperm cells
spermatogenesis
76
also called the neck of the uterus; a lower, narrow portion of the uterus that joins with the top end of the vagina; allows fluids to flow in and out
cervix
77
the shedding of the endometrial wall
menstruation
78
several microscopic coiled tubules where spermatogenesis takes place
seminiferous tubules
79
penetrates the base of the prostate gland and opens into the urethra
ejaculatory duct
80
located in the breast; produce milk for the nourishment of the newborn child
mammary glands
81
where mature sperm is stored; a mass of coiled tubes cupping the posterior aspect of a testis
epididymis
82
responsible for touch, pressure, temperature, kinesthesia (sense of position), and movements
parietal lobe
83
has an inhibitory effect
gamma-aminobutyric acid / gaba
84
made up of one or more short branching fibers that transmit nerve impulses toward the soma
dendrite
85
what does dna stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
86
a type of nucleic acid made up of nucleotides
dna
87
a pentose or five carbon sugar
deoxyribose / ribose
88
the process of producing proteins with the help of the three RNAs
protein synthesis
89
a firm, cushion-like elevation of fat or adipose tissue over the symphysis pubis covered by pubic hair
mons pubis
90
a translation process occurs at the stop codon on the mRNA
termination
91
electricity produced by chemical reaction
electrochemical
92
a watery fluid between the inner and middle membrane which serves as a cushion against pressure and shock
cerebrospinal fluid
93
building blocks of an acid
nucleotides
94
a segment of DNA unzips
initiation or unzipping
95
secrete hormones into the blood.
endocrine glands
96
known as the birth canal; a fibro-muscular tubular canal which is about 12-15 cm; receives the penis during sexual intercourse
vagina
97
how many kilograms does a brain weigh?
1.5 kgs
98
allows perception of the stimuli from the external environment and monitors the status of the internal environment by coordinating the functions of the internal organs
sensory division
99
consists of neurons, nerves, and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.
peripheral nervous system / pns
100
white blood cells
leukocytes
101
the foreskin is removed through this surgical process
circumcision
102
how does dna and rna differ in number of strands?
dna has two, rna has one
103
the male reproductive organs contained inside the scrotum; 5 cm in length
testes
104
an organ that receives or perceives a stimulus
receptor
105
the cleft between the labia minora
vestibule
106
composed of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus
forebrain
107
continuous maintenance of internal balance
parasympathetic system
108
fluid inside the cell for chemical reactions
cytoplasm
109
process of duplicating the entire genome prior to cell division
dna replication
110
an adipose or fatty covering of a nerve responsible for faster transmission of pulses
myelin sheath
111
controls and coordinates functions of the organs and helps maintain internal balance or homeostasis
autonomic division
112
nerve fibers without a myelin sheath
nonmedullated / unmyelinated nerve fiber
113
carries the hormones to specific organs or receptors
bloodstream
114
bulb-shaped tip of the penis; responsible for urination and protection
glans
115
stimulus
cause of response
116
the extension of the cytoplasm of the cell body
cytoplasmic process
117
messenger RNA for the tRNA to interpret; found inside the ribosomes; binds the amino acids into chains which will come out as protein chains
mRNA
118
responsible for initiating movements, controlling movements of the head and eye muscles, speech and language comprehension, emotional behavior, and mental processing
frontal lobe
119
the fight-or-flight system that allows an organism to respond to emergency situations
sympathetic system
120
a small, rubber hammer to test reflexes
reflex hammer
121
what does rna stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
122
what does rRNA stand for?
ribosomal RNA
123
red blood cells
erythrocytes
124
what is the difference of the DNA and RNA structure?
rna has uracil instead of thymine unlike dna
125
a pea-shaped projection of erectile tissue, nerves, and blood vessels found above the vestibule
clitoris
126
two glands almost about the size of a pea that secretes a lubricating mucous that neutralizes acidity
bulbourethral glands or cowper's glands
127
biologists who were awarded the Nobel Prize Award for Physiology for their work on the structure of the DNA in 1953
james watson and francis crick
128
a fluid that contains sperm
semen
129
can either be dendrites of the adjacent neuron, the plasma membrane of the soma of the next neuron, or the cell membranes of the effectors
postsynaptic unit
130
are found scattered between the seminiferous tubular tissues and produce hormones like testosterone and androgen
interstitial cells of leydig
131
responsible for visual sensory information
occipital lobe
132
the follicle closes and becomes a corpus luteum
luteal phase
