Science Flashcards
What is the continental drift theory?
an idea that the earth’s continents have moved over geologic time relative to each other, thus appearing to have drifted across the ocean bed
How do scientists date rock samples?
geologists commonly use radiometric dating methods, based on the natural radioactive decay of certain elements such as potassium and carbon, as reliable clocks to date ancient events.
What is The Magnetic Field?
it is also known as the geo magnetic field.
What is a Delta?
wetlands that form as rivers empty their water and sediment into another body of water
What is Earth’s Shape?
Spherical, slightly egg shaped.
What is a focus in earthquakes?
The focus or Hyprocenter is the point underground where the fault and the epicenter intersect.
What is another name for the Dinosaur Era?
The Messosoic
What was the oldest era called?
Paleozoic
What is a Topographical Map?
A map of the physical geography of an area
What is a contour interval?
The distance between contour lines
What is a contour line?
A line drawn on a topographical map in order to show elevation or depression
What is volcanic lava made of? (Name at least 3)
silicon, oxygen, nitrogen, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and titanium
What is seafloor spreading?
A geological process in which underwater tectonic plates are moved apart
What is Basalt?
Extrusive igneous rock.
What class of rock is clay?
Sedimentary
What sedimentary rock makes diamonds?
Coal
What class is granite?
Igneous
What is loam?
The bottom will be sand, middle will be silt, top will be clay
What is mica?
Metamorphic & igneous
What is mudstone?
Sedimentary
What is obsidian?
Igneous extrusive rock
What is Quartzite?
Metamorphic
What does sand make?
Sedimentary rock
What are cumulus clouds?
cauliflower shaped clouds usually spotted in fair weather conditions
What is the dew point?
The temperature the air needs to cool before dew can form.
What causes acid rain?
The air pollution. It happens when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are emitted into the atmosphere.
What causes lightning?
When the negative charges (electrons) in the cloud are attracted to the positive charges (protons) in the ground or in other clouds.
What is Meteorology?
The study of weather
What does A’a mean in science?
slow moving lava (Hawaiian term)
What is the international date line?
The imaginary line which dictates what day it is in certain area. Australia is one of the first to enter a new day. It passes through the mid pacific ocean and roughly follows a 180 degrees longitude north-south line on the earth
When does an equinox occur?
When the earth’s axis is neither tilted away or towards the sun. This happens twice a year. (March 20 & September 21, 2023)
What is dynes? (unit)
A unit of force that, acting on a mass of one gram, increases its velocity by one centimeter per second every second along the direction that it acts.
What is the effort equation?
w=f*d
What is Red Light?
it has a wavelength of 600 - 700 nanometers (NM). It also stimulates the production of melatonin.
What is is White Light?
It is a combination of all colors in the color spectrum
What are the colors of the visible spectrum?
ROYGBIV (Rainbow)
What is the African Sleeping Disease?
a disease caused by a parasite. Symptoms include fatigue, high fever, headaches, and muscle aches. It is caused when an infected tsetse fly bites them.
What is asthma?
A condition in which someone’s airways get clogged up and inflamed, making it hard to breathe.
What is the rocky mountain spotted disease?
A bacteria spread through the bite of an infected tick.
What is malaria?
A life threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female anopheles mosquitoes.
What is Myopia?
It is also called nearsightedness. It is caused when there are problems with the shape of your cornea or lens
What are the SI prefixes (Name at least 2)
Yotta 10^24, Zetta 10^21, Exa 10^18, Peta 10^15, Tera 10^12, Giga 10^9, Mega 10^6, Kilo 10^3, hecto 10^2, deka 10^1, deci 10^-1, centi 10^-2, milli 10^-3, micro 10^-6, nano 10^-9, pico 10^-12, femto 10^-15, atto 10^-18, zepto 10^-21, yocto 10^-24.
Who is the father of Microbiology?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Who is the father of modern genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What did Gregor Mendel experiment upon?
Pea plants
Who is known for having written a detailed account of the greco-persian wars called the histories?
Herodotus
Who was Hippocrates?
he was a greek physician of the classical period, who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.
When did Hippocrates live?
Classical Period
Who is Robert Koch?
He is regarded as the founder of modern bacteriology. He discovered the specific causative agents of deadly infectious diseases including tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax.
Who is Louis Pasteur?
He’s renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization.
What is the practice of naming scientific things?
Taxonomy it is the practice and science of categorizing or classification.
Name 2 simple machines
Lever, screw
What is a lever?
made of a rigid beam and a fulcrum.
What is a screw?
a screw is a mechanism that converts rotational motion to linear motion, and a torque to a linear force
What is an astrolabe?
an astrolabe is an ancient astronomical instrument that was a handheld model of the universe.
What is pasteurization?
it involves heating liquids at high temperatures for short amounts of time.
Who created pasterization?
Louis Pasteur
What is a punnett square?
a punnett square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
What is a reflection?
Reflection - it is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated.
Define Rotation
Rotation - it describes the circular motion of an object around its center.
What is the Scoville Scale? (Think speirs)
The metric unit for spiciness of chili peppers
What is Vitamin D
It comes from the sun and it is a fat soluble vitamin.
Name 2 of the 3 types of amphibians.
Anura (frogs), Caudata (salamanders), and gymnophiona (caecilians).
What is Arthropod Shedding?
they shed their exoskeleton as they grow, a process called ecdysis or moulting.
Name 3 of the 5 animal kingdoms.
animalia, plantae, fungi, protista, and monera
What is a Chrysalis?
a quiescent insect pupa, especially for a butterfly or moth
What is the scientific name of an earthworm?
lumbricidae
What is a gill?
a gill is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide.
What is the largest spider?
Goliath bird-eating spider
What does a baby bird get called?
chicks, nestings
What is a baby deer called?
fawns
What is a baby Goat?
Kid
What is a baby Kangaroo?
Joey
What is a baby Rat?
Kit or Pup
What is a baby seal?
Pup
What is a baby whale?
Calves
What is a tentacle?
It is a flexible, mobile, and elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates.
What is the central nervous system made of?
Nerves, spinal chord, brain
What is the cardiovascular system?
Blood transport system. Includes the heart.
What is the biggest artery?
The aorta
What transports blood, oxegen & other nutrients to the organs in your body?
Capillary, smallest cells in the cardiovascular system.
What is the Lymphatic System?
of the immune system it is part entry to the circulatory system.
How may chloroplasts are in a human cell?
NONE!
What is the bottom most part of your skin?
Medulla
What is the root of hair made out of?
it is in the skin and extends down to the deeper layers of the skin
What is a human Voice Box?
it is the area of the throat containing the vocal cords and used for breathing, swallowing, and talking. It is also called the larynx
What is a cell wall?
it is the main protection for the plant cells
What is the bottom most part of your brain?
Medulla
What are chloroplasts for?
Creating Photosynthesis
Vacuole
It is a space or vesticle within the cytoplasm of a cell. Enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid
What is photosynthesis?
it is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can be released to fuel the organisms activities
What is stammen?
it is the male fertilizing organ of a flower, typically consisting of a pollen-containing anther and a filament
What is the photosynthesis equation?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
Define aerobic.
requiring air or oxygen for life or survival
Give 5 examples of aerobic organisms.
Pretty much all animals & plants
What does Anaerobic mean?
not requiring oxygen to live
What does Anaerobic mean?
not requiring oxygen to live
What is Spontaneous Generation?
A scientific theory that was proven wrong. It said that living creatures could arise from nonliving matter.
What is the moon to earth ratio?
1:4
What is the northern cross?
it is formed by the brightest stars in the constellation cygnus the swan
What is a shooting star?
a small piece of rock or dust that hits earth’s atmosphere from space (meteor)
What is the size of the moon? (diameter)
2,159.1 mi
What is a solar eclipse?
a solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the earth and sun.
What are sunspots?
it is a phenomenon on the sun’s photosphere that appears as temporary spots that are darker than the surrounding areas. They are regions of reduced surface temperature caused by concentrations of magnetic flux that inhibit convection
What determines if something is an acid, base or neutral?
pH scale, 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral. Anything less than 7 is classified as acid and anything above 7 is classified as a base.
What are chemical bonds?
A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms or ions that enables the formation of molecules and crystals. The bond may result from the electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds, or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds
Define Ionic
it is the type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound
What are the chemical elements of gold?
The symbol for gold is Au. The atomic number is 79. The atomic mass is 197.
What are the chemical elements of helium?
The symbol for helium is He. The atomic number is 2. The atomic mass is 4.
What are the chemical elements of Hydrogen?
The symbol for hydrogen is H. The atomic number is 1. The atomic mass is 1.
What are the chemical elements of Mercury?
The symbol for mercury is Hg. The atomic number is 80. The atomic mass is 200.
What does heterogeneous mean?
The genes are different.
What does homogeneous mean?
The genes are the same.
Define Ampere.
Ampere: it is the unit of electric current in the international system of units (SI)
Define Amplitude.
Amplitude - it is the maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position.
What is an electric current circuit?
Electric Current Circuit - it includes a device that gives energy to the charged particles constituting the current, such as a battery or generator. Devices that use the current, such as lamps electric motors, or computers.
What is a neutral sodium atom?
there are 11 electrons and 11 protons in a neutral sodium atom
What are nonmetals?
they are natural materials that do not produce heat or electricity and that are structurally brittle
What are metals?
they are materials holding or possessing the characteristics of being shiny, hard, fusible, malleable or ductile
Metalloids
it is a type of chemical element which has a preponderance of properties in between, that are a mixture of, those of metals and nonmetals.
What is the speed of sound?
343 m/s
What is the speed of wave?
It refers to the distance that a crest (or trough) of a wave travels per unit of time.
What is a Nucleus?
The small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom.
What is Bernoulli’s Principle?
It states that within a horizontal flow of fluid, points of higher fluid speed will have less pressure than points of slower fluid speed.
What is frequency?
it is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time
