Science Flashcards
In the 1820s, which French mathematician proposed the concept of the greenhouse effect, and calculated that the Earth’s size and distance from the Sun should make it much colder than observed.
Joseph Fourier
What name, the Latin word for amber, is given to a naturally occurring alloy of gold and silver?
Electrum
What loop is the long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each nephron of the kidney, recovering water and sodium chloride from urine?
Henle
Which endangered creature, often found in marshlands, is also known as a “peewit” for its high, sharp cry?
(Northern) Lapwing
Campbell and Omura won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of which anti-parasitic drug? It traditionally treats heartworm as well as headlice.
Ivermectin
Hashimoto’s disease affects which organ of the human body? Another similar disease is toxic diffuse goiter, better known as Graves’ disease.
Thyroid
What is the name of the highest bone in the spine and neck found directly beneath the skull?
Atlas
Barnard 33, a nebula in Orion, is better known by which name, owing to its resemblance to a certain animal?
Horsehead
In which constellation was the first object widely accepted to be a black hole discovered? Its brightest star is Deneb.
Cygnus
Which Indian mathematician, despite little formal training, made substantial contributions to number theory and studied tau and mock theta functions?
Srinivasa Ramanujan
This sixth largest moon of Saturn is covered in ice, and it may have liquid water below its surface. That ice gives this moon a very high albedo, making it the most reflective body in the Solar System.
Enceladus
Which spacecraft, accompanied by the Huygens probe, orbited Saturn from 2004 - 2017 when it intentionally crashed into the planet to prevent contamination of any moons?
Cassini
This is the process of plants using up the sugars made through photosynthesis and turning them into energy for growth, reproduction, and other life processes.
Plant Respiration
a state of balance or a stable situation where opposing forces cancel each other out and where no changes are occurring
Equilibrium
Which element has the highest melting point?
Tungsten
This mixture is a type of colloid formed by combining two liquids that normally don’t mix
Emulsion
This is a dental filling material used to fill cavities caused by tooth decay. It is a mixture of metals, consisting of liquid (elemental) mercury and a powdered alloy composed of silver, tin, and copper.
Dental Amalgam
This branch of biology studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues.
Histology
This solution contains more than the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved at a given temperature
Supersaturated Solution
Positive and negative values of charge were initially assigned by this American statesman and inventor who started studying electricity in 1742.
Benjamin Franklin,
This Scottish chemist first identified carbon dioxide in the 1750’s.
Joseph Black
A relationship between species where one benefits bu the other is unaffected is knows as?
Commensalism
What is the branch of science concerned with the chemical and physiological processes that occur within living organisms.?
Biochemistry
A magnet that has a north and south pole on opposite sides of it is called a?
Dipole Magnet
Which law of thermodynamics states that If two thermodynamic systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system separately, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Zeroth
the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work
Entropy
These are chemical reactions in which the reactants absorb heat energy from the surroundings to form products.
Endothermic Reaction
During this reaction, energy is constantly given off, often in the form of heat.
exothermic reaction
What material is the best heat conductor?
Diamond
This gland was described as the “Seat of the Soul” by Renee Descartes and it is located in the center of the brain. Its purpose is to receive information about the state of the light-dark cycle from the environment and convey this information to produce and secrete the hormone melatonin
Pineal Gland
a phenomenon that occurs when the desire for group consensus overrides people’s common sense desire to present alternatives, critique a position, or express an unpopular opinion.
Groupthink
What time system has days that last 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds?
Sidereal
This is the time that it takes for the Earth to rotate once around its axis.
Sidereal Day
The difference between speed and velocity is that velocity also considers…
Direction
The pigeon has how many chromosomes in its DNA?
80
The strawberry has how many chromosomes in its DNA?
56
The lion has how many chromosomes in its DNA?
36
all pieces of all fragments of rock ejected into the air by an erupting volcano.
Tephra
This Indonesian word describes a mudflow or debris flow that originates on the slopes of a volcano
Lahar
openings in the earth’s surface that emit steam and volcanic gases, such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide.
Fumarole
The ongoing extinction of the Earth’s flora and fauna due to human activities is termed as this. It is named after the current epoch.
Holocene Extinction
What were scientists known as before they were known as scientists?
Nature Philosophers/Physiologoi
Which letter does not appear in the periodic table?
J
What vitamin does rain contain?
B12
How many brains does an octopus have?
9
The name given to the assertion that it is quicker to cool water to a given temperature when the initial temperature is higher.
Mpemba Effect
What is the world’s tallest tree?
Hyperion (sequoia sempervirens)
What do people with the disorder “Prosopagnosia” have difficulty doing?
Recognizing Faces
This tem is used to describe a substance that is not chemically reactive.
Inert
What English chemist and physicist discovered hydrogen in 1766? He called it “inflammable air”.
Henry Cavendish
Scientists have developed a foolproof way to detect fake art made before 1945 and be able ones after. How does this work and why that year
because isotopes such as strontium-90 and cesium-137 that can be found in oil did not exist in nature previously. It only existed after the 1st atomic bomb blasr
The acceleration of a free falling body is due to?
Gravity
What medical term refers to an examination of the back of the eye? It is also occasionally known as a funduscopy
Ophthalmoscopy
What describes the entire solid earth realm and is composed of mineral matter?
Lithosphere
What do you call the scientific study of dreams?
Oneirology
A type of volcano composed of mainly pyroclastics is termed?
Cinder Cone
MRI is a machine that is used to obtain pictures of the anatomy without exposing the body to radiation. What does MRI mean?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Fossilized tree resin, also has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times.
Amber
This sedimentary rock was used to build the pantheon and the Colosseum
Travertine
What test determines if a computer is capable of human-like thinking?
Turing test
A circular cavity ground out of a bedrock by runningwater is called a?
Pothole
Marble is considered to be a what type of rock?
Metamorphic
What is Areology?
Study of the planet Mars
Animals and Plants which produce light are described as being what?
Bioluminescent
Which astronomer was an early proponent of space telescopes, and later gave his name to the infrared telescope that comprised part of NASA’s great observatories program?
Lyman Spitzer
This man is the only person who received the Noble Peace in Physics twice in 1956 and 1972.
John Bardeen
Alongside Louis Poinsot, this German mathematician and astronomer posthumously gave his name to a group his name to s group of four regular polyhedra due to having described 2 of them in Harmonice Mundi in 1619. He also named three laws of planetary motion.
Johannes Kepler
Proposed by Peccei-Quinn theory to resolve the CP problem, which hypothetical particles were named after a brand of laundry detergent due to them “cleaning up” a problem in physics?
Axion
Which scientist proposed a simple method for constructing molecular orbitals from a linear combination of atomic orbitals, as well as the ‘4n+2’ rule of aromaticity?
Erich Hückel
Corundum gemstones are given what name that are typically blue, but can be any of several colors except red, for which the term ‘ruby’ is reserved?
Sapphire
Denoted KiB, what unit is equivalent to 1024, slightly larger than a kilobyte?
Kibibyte
What structure in the back of the brain governs motor control?
Cerebellum
What is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface?
Geyser
