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ASD > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

What are carbohydrates needed for?

A

Release energy

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2
Q

Which food group is needed for energy?

A

Carbohydrates

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3
Q

Examples of carbohydrates

A

Bread, rice, pasta, potatoes

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4
Q

What kind of enzymes break down carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrase

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5
Q

What food group does starch belong to?

A

Carbohydrate

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6
Q

Which enzyme breaks down starch?

A

Amylase

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7
Q

What is starch broken down into?

A

Glucose

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8
Q

Examples of foods containing proteins

A

Nuts, fish, eggs, pulses, meat, tofu, soya, lentils

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9
Q

What kind of enzymes break down proteins?

A

Protease

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10
Q

What are proteins broken down into?

A

Amino acids

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11
Q

Why are proteins needed?

A

Growth and repair

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12
Q

What are lipids?

A

Fats

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13
Q

What kind of enzyme breaks down fats?

A

Lipase

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14
Q

What are fats broken down into?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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15
Q

What kind of foods contain fats?

A

Butter, Margarine, Oil

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16
Q

Why are fats needed?

A

Insulation, store energy

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17
Q

What is the name of the food pipe leading to the stomach?

A

Oesophagus

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18
Q

What is the name of the pipe leading to the lungs?

A

Trachea

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19
Q

Where does the trachea lead?

A

Lungs

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20
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

Alveoli

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21
Q

What is respiration?

A

Chemical reaction that releases energy from oxygen and glucose

22
Q

Where in the cell does respiration happen?

A

Mitochondria

23
Q

What gas is needed for respiration?

A

Oxygen

24
Q

What gas is made in respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide

25
Q

What are the two reactants in respiration?

A

Oxygen and glucose

26
Q

What are the two products in respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

27
Q

Why is fibre needed in the diet?

A

Prevents constipation
Keeps intestines healthy
Helps you stay full

28
Q

What kind of food contains fibre?

A

Fruit and vegetable

29
Q

Why do you need iron in the diet?

A

Prevents anaemia / helps your red blood cells carry oxygen

30
Q

Describe the colour change for a positive Biurets test

A

Blue to lilac/purple

31
Q

Describe the test for fats/lipids in food

A

Add ethanol, then cold water

32
Q

Describe the change in ethanol if fats are present

A

From colourless and clear to white emulsion

33
Q

Describe the oesophagus

A

Pipe that carries food to the stomach

34
Q

Describe the trachea

A

Pipe that carries air to and from the lungs

35
Q

Describe physical digestion in the mouth

A

Using your teeth to physically break down food

36
Q

Describe chemical digestion in the mouth

A

Amylase in saliva chemically breaks down food

37
Q

What happens to food in the stomach

A

Chemically broken by pepsin (a protease enzyme) and mixed up to make it a liquid

38
Q

What happens to food in the small intestines?

A

Chemical digestion by enzymes
Nutrients absorbed into blood

39
Q

What happens in the large intestines?

A

Water and minerals absorbed

40
Q

How do you calculate BMI?

A

Weight / height squared
Weight in kg
Height in metres

41
Q

Why can visking tubing be used to model the intestines?

A

Small holes which let small molecules and water through but not big ones

42
Q

Describe mechanism of breathing in

A

Diaphragm and intercostal (rib muscles) contract
Diaphragm moves down
Ribs move up and out
Volume increases
Pressure decreases
Air moves in

43
Q

Describe mechanism of breathing out

A

Diaphragm and intercostal (rib muscles) relax
Diaphragm moves up
Ribs move in
Volume decreases
Pressure increases
Air moves out

44
Q

Difference between breathing and respiration

A

Breathing is moving air in and out of lungs
Respiration is releasing energy from food in your cells

45
Q

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

A

Lots of them - high surface area
Moist surface - to dissolve the gases
Small so high surface area to volume ratio
Thin so easy for gases to diffuse
Close to lots of blood vessels so easy for gases to move in and out from blood

46
Q

Name equipment that can be used to measure lung volume

A

Spirometer and peak flow meter

47
Q

Define lung volume

A

Volume of air in your lungs

48
Q

Define breathing rate

A

Number of breaths per minute

49
Q

What is the job of the nucleus?

A

Controls the cell and its activities

50
Q

What is the job of the cytoplasm?

A

It’s where the chemical reactions happen

51
Q

What is the job of the cell membrane?

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

ASD (3 decks)

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