science Flashcards

1
Q

heredity

A

the passing of genetic traits from parent of offspring

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2
Q

dominant trait

A

the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred

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3
Q

recessive trait

A

a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different trails are bred

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4
Q

gene

A

one set of instructions for an inherited trait

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5
Q

allele

A

one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color

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6
Q

phenotype

A

an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristic

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7
Q

genotype

A

the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits

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8
Q

Probability

A

the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in ant given instance of the event

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9
Q

Meiosis

A

a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus which results in the production of sex cells

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10
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

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11
Q

Pedigree

A

a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family

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12
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live

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13
Q

Nucleotide

A

in a nucleic-acid chain a subunit that consists of a surgar a phosphate and a nitrogenous

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14
Q

Mutations

A

a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule

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15
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic acid a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production

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