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perio > science > Flashcards

science Flashcards

1
Q

the thinnest and outermost layer

A

crust

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2
Q

thinner and denser crust

A

oceanic

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3
Q

crust that forms the continent

A

continental

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4
Q

boundary between mantle and crust

A

mohorovicic discontinuity

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5
Q

thickest layer, composed of hot, dense, iron and magnesium-rich rocks

A

mantle

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6
Q

distinguished based on composition

A

compositional layers

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7
Q

boundary between the mantle and core

A

gutenburg discotinuity

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8
Q

innermost and center of layer, extremely hot and dense

A

core

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9
Q

distinguished based on the type of rocks present, temp and pressure increases with depth

A

mechanical layer

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10
Q

consists of the crust and uppermost mantle. rocks are rigid and strong. divided into tectonic plates

A

lithosphere

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11
Q

upper mantle, fluid like

A

asthenosphere

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12
Q

lower mantle, flows but much rigid and slower

A

mesosphere

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13
Q

high temp, movement drives the generation of earth’s magnetic field

A

outer core

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14
Q

temp higher than sun’s surface, solid and rigid due to pressure

A

inner core

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15
Q

theory that suggests that the lithosphere is divided into smaller segments called tectonic plates

A

plate tectonic theory

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16
Q

said to glide over the fluid asthenosphere, smaller segments that divide the earth’s surface

A

tectonic plates/plates

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17
Q

largest plate

A

pacific plate

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18
Q

smallest plate

A

new hebrides

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19
Q

process wherein hot material rises and cold material sinks, governs plate tectonic movement

A

mantle convection

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20
Q

theory stating that all the land continents of the world are moving and are once interconnected into a massive supercontinent called pangaea

A

continental drift theory

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21
Q

introduced conti drift theo through the book…

A

the origin of the continents and oceans

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22
Q

“all earth” (greek), supermassive continent

A

pangaea

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23
Q

only body of water present with pangaea

A

panthalassa

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24
Q

pangaea broke down into…

A

laurasia and gondwanaland

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25
Q

body of water w/ laurasia and gondwanaland

A

tethys ocean

26
Q

constructive plate boundary, two plates move away from e/o, creates new lithosphere

A

divergent

27
Q

seafloor spreading occurs, an example is mid-atlantic ridge

A

oceanic divergence

28
Q

results in rifting, split the continental lithosphere forming a new body of water (ex: red sea)

A

continental divergence

29
Q

destructive plate boundary, two plates collide making one plate sink under the other (subduction zone)

A

convergent

30
Q

denser oceanic plate subducts, formation of volcanic arc/volcanoes

A

oceanic-continental convergence

31
Q

the denser/older oceanic crust sinks, forms a great depression called trench (ex: mariana’s trench). can also form underwater volcanoes and volcanic islands (ex: japan, phil, etc)

A

oceanic-oceanic convergence

32
Q

no subduction when 2 continental plates meet, causes folding that leads to mountain formation (ex : himalayan mt range)

A

continental-continental convergence

33
Q

conservative plate boundary, two plates slide alongside e/o, most are underwater, produces the most destructive earthqukes

(ex: san andreas fault)

A

transform

34
Q

dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other heavy impacts, properly damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage

A

risk / hazard

35
Q

path along the pacific ocean known for its very active volcanism and earthquake production

A

pacific ring of fire

36
Q

stopping something from happening or arising

A

prevention

37
Q

reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something

A

mitigation

38
Q

breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals

A

weathering

39
Q

smaller pieces formed from weathering

A

sediments

40
Q

process that breaks down rocks without changing their chemical compositions

A

mechanical / physical weathering

41
Q

process that weakens and disintegrate rocks through chemical reactions

A

chemical weathering

42
Q

also known as ice wedging, water sips and enter rock through small cracks, water freezes and expands due to temp changes

A

freeze-thaw

43
Q

growth of crystals (from salt water) puts pressure to the rocks slowly breaking it apart

A

haloclasty

44
Q

over time, trees or small plants can break apart even rocks

A

plant wedging

45
Q

process of rock minerals reacting with carbonic acid (a weak acid formed when water combines with carbon dioxide)

A

carbonation

46
Q

rocks exposed to oxygen are prone to this ^^

ex: when iron in rocks combines with __ forming ferrous oxide (rust)

A

oxidation

47
Q

rock materials are worn away and transported from one place to another

A

erosion

48
Q

agents of erosion

A

wind, water, land, etc

49
Q

settling down of sediments

A

deposition

50
Q

agents of deposition

A

wind, water, precipitation, humans

51
Q

landslides or mass wasting (downward movement of rocks) driven by the pull of gravity

A

physical erosion

52
Q

as a plant grows and take root that led to the formation of crevices and breakage of rocks

A

bioerosion

53
Q

wind-driven processes constantly transport small debris of materials (ex: dust, ash, sand, etc) (ex : dunes)

A

erosion by wind / aeolian

54
Q

heavy flowing water can carry and displaced an amount of earthen mats (run-offs or flash floods)

A

(erosion by water)

running water

55
Q

can cause erosion through splash erosion bc of raindrops, can also cause flash floods and run-offs

A

(erosion by water)

rainfall

56
Q

occurs when small materials are displaced due to the impact between raindrops and land

A

splash erosion

57
Q

wearing of riverbank due to rushing streams of water, deposited mats are at the mouth of the river form delta

A

(erosion by water)

valley erosion

58
Q

wearing away of rocks, sand, and other earthen materials on shorelines causes the change of shape in the coastline

A

coastal erosion

59
Q

release of energy from movement of faults, shaking of the ground

A

earthquakes

60
Q

takes place when saturated soil loses strength and stiffness due to violent shaking of the ground, soil behaves like a liquid, cannot support weight and can flow down very gentle

A

liquefaction

61
Q

when a volcano violently erupts and changes the shape of a mountain, forms a large depression called ___

A

formation of caldera

perio (2 decks)

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