Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1st Quarter > SCIENCE > Flashcards

SCIENCE Flashcards

1
Q

outward rapid expansion. It is not an explosion seeing as the universe keeps expanding.

A

Phase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

primitive particles, e.g quarks, etc. Also known as the Plasma Era.

A

Phase 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cooling of the cosmos

combine into protons and neutrons.

A

Phase 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Formation of the elements (Hydrogen and Helium)

A

Phase 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

formation of cosmic clouds, galaxies, stars, planets, and other celestial bodies.

A

Phase 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 Features of the Earth that support life?

A

Water World, The Goldilocks Zone, A Friendly Moon, Protective Ozone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stabilizes our planet’s rotation and it pulls the ocean’s tides

A

Friendly Moon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

having water in its liquid form at the surface

A

Water World

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

added oxygen to the atmosphere and it shielded early land species from lethal radiation.

A

Protective Ozone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The location in the solar system that keeps the Earth’s water into its functional phases is conducive for life.

A

Goldilocks Zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

interacting physical, chemical, and biological processes.

land, oceans, atmosphere, and poles

A

Earth System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the four subsystems/spheres

A

Lithosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere, and

Atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This is the gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth and is held in place by gravity.

A

Atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the total amount of water on a planet.

A planet’s hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor or ice.

A

Hydrosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The part of the planet is made up of rock and minerals

A

Lithosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the other name of Lithosphere?

A

Geosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

It is a global ecosystem composed of living organisms

A

Biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Green House Effect is one of the naturally occurring processes on our planet and is not harmful.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Runoff can be described as the part of the water cycle that flows overland as surface water instead of being absorbed into groundwater or evaporating. This process is an example of an interaction between the Hydrosphere and Geosphere.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The satellite of our planet is one of the reasons why we have abnormal and drastic changes in climate and seasons.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE, ozone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The Theory of the Big Bang states that our universe came into being from a huge explosion.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE, it is not a huge explosion it is the outwardly rapid expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Methane and Nitrogen are the gases that are widely available in our Earth’s atmosphere. These gases protect us from the lethal radiation of the sun.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE, should be Helium and Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stabilizes the planet’s axial wobble and keeps the tiltation of the earth for average climate conditions.

A

Earth’s Satelite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This is one essential element that made up 71% of the planet and is a necessity to all life forms.

A

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A protective sheet of 03 gases that keeps us safe from the lethal radiation of the sun.

A

Ozone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

It is a unique celestial body where life only exists as its component and natural processes are designed for it.

A

Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Why is the Big Bang seen as the first major threshold in this course?

A

It created the foundation for further complexity later on.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does The Big Bang Theory tell us?

A

The entire universe was once condensed in a compact and dense singularity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The biosphere is the subsystem that is independent of the three other spheres

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the five qualities of minerals?

A 
not man-made
inorganic
fixed chemical formula
must be solid
orderly crystal structure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

strength with which a mineral resists its surface being scraped or punctured.
specified by the Mohs hardness scale.

A

Hardness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What physical properties of minerals should not be relied upon? Clue: either naturally occurring or formed during the synthesis of a chemical compound.

A

Color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

a mineral has space while it grows, it may form natural crystals, with a crystal shape reflecting the geometry of the mineral’s internal crystal lattice.

A

Crystal Shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

the color of a mineral’s powder and it does not vary to the color of the mineral. CLUE: scrape the mineral across an unglazed porcelain plate.

A

Streak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

likely to break where the bonds between the atoms are weaker.

A

Breakage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

reflection of the light of a mineral’s surface and it is best observed under direct illumination.

A

Luster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Metallic and Deep Red Hematite are examples of what?

A

Streak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q
  • Waxy (Serpentine)
  • Vitreous (Beryl)
  • Pearly (Calcite)
  • Greasy (Chrysocolla)

What examples of classification are in the above?

A

Luster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Gold and Pyrite are an example of what?

A

Color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

It is a solid mass of geological materials.
It may be inorganic but they can also include organic materials
It can be composed of only one type of geological material or mineral, but many are composed of several types.

A

Rock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

deposition and subsequent cementation of that material within bodies of water and at the surface of the Earth.

A

Sedimentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the examples of Sedimentary Rocks?

A

Shale, Sandstone, Conglomerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

melted rocks that have solidified.
cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.

A

Igneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are the examples of Igneous Rocks

A

Obsidian, Gabbro, Diorite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

classified by texture and by chemical and mineral assemblage.
subjected to high temperatures and the great pressure of the rock layers above it.

A

Metamorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the examples of Metamorphic Rocks?

A

Schist and Marble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Elements are the foundation of Minerals. Thus, all elements are considered minerals.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Yuina is obsessed with anything that gleams like glass. If you’re going to give her a mineral as a gift, what kind of luster should it have?

A

Vitreous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

A mineral to break along certain planes to make smooth surfaces is exhibiting _______________________.

50
Q

All igneous rocks are made up of Magma.

TRUE OR FALSE

51
Q

All of the physical characteristics of minerals are result from the internal arrangement of the atoms.

TRUE OR FALSE

52
Q

Megumi breaks the halite into half to check the surface’s reflection under the sun.

53
Q

Sango scratches quartz to the surface of the diamond and she concluded that diamond is harder than quartz.

54
Q

Yona classifies the mineral according to the most obvious physical properties in the naked eye

55
Q

Haku breaks minerals and observed the characteristic structure of the surface

56
Q

Nomu scrape the minerals she found in the porcelain plate.

57
Q

one or two metal elements combined with oxygen.

58
Q

contain sulfur atoms bonded to oxygen atoms

59
Q

formed when metallic elements are combined with sulfur.

60
Q

one carbon atom bonded to three oxygen atoms.

61
Q

from a single element, such as golf, copper, silver, or sulfur.
rare and valuable.

A

Native Elements

62
Q

salts that form when salt water evaporates

known as halogens (fluorine, chlorine. bromine, or iodine) bond with various metallic atoms

63
Q

Halogen + Oxygen =?

64
Q

Sulfur + Oxygen =?

65
Q

Silicon + Oxygen =?

66
Q

Native Elements =?

67
Q

Metal + Oxygen =?

68
Q

Carbon + Oxygen =?

A

Carbonates

69
Q

Sulfur + Metal =?

70
Q

Concentration of valuable substances throughout gravity separation during the sedimentary process

A

Placer Ore Deposits

71
Q

Concentration of valuable substances by hot water-rich liquids through fractures and pores in rocks

A

Hydrothermal Ore Deposits

72
Q

Accumulation of valuable materials through chemical weathering processes

A

Residual Ore Deposits

73
Q

Concentrated by chemical precipitation coming from lakes or seawater

A

Sedimentary Ore Deposits

74
Q

Concentrated within an igneous body through magmatic processes

A

Magmatic Ore Deposits

75
Q

What was a good reason for minerals to be categorized in groups?

A

Minerals are grouped because they have different chemical components which provide the least ambiguous basis for identification

76
Q

Mineral groups below have oxygen as their basic component except for what?

77
Q

Kija enjoys collecting minerals that contain metal and oxygen as basic components. Which of the following minerals is the correct example of minerals he enjoys if you were to suggest one?

78
Q

Chemical Formula: PbS, What mineral group is it a member of?

79
Q

How is Earth’s water supply being continuously renewed?

A

Water Cycle

80
Q

Base on the Global Water Distribution presented in our discussion, freshwater is more plentiful than groundwater.

TRUE OR FALSE

81
Q

the importance of soil for society except what?

A

Soil is the main distributor of particles in erosion

82
Q

Singapore’s Water System uses 4 tap water supplies except

A

Water collected from aquifers

83
Q

Increased nutrient loading from animal waste can lead to abnormal algal growth in water bodies which may eventually damage aquatic ecosystems. This phenomenon is called ____________________.

A

Eutrophication

84
Q

It is the expansion of desert conditions in areas where the natural plant cover has been destroyed.

A

Desertification

85
Q

When farm animals occupy large amounts of the land cover.

A

Overgrazing

86
Q

Mine is left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction of an ore.

87
Q

Water that is safe for drinking

A

Potable Water

88
Q

The destruction or covering of the ground by impermeable material.

A

Soil Sealing

89
Q

A theory was produced that continents were once united into a single supercontinent named Pangaea, meaning all earth in ancient Greek. Who made this theory and what is it called?

A

Continental Drift Theory by Alfred Wegener

90
Q

Pangaea broke up long ago and that the continents then moved to their current positions.

TRUE OR FALSE

91
Q

Earth’s solid outer crust, the lithosphere, is separated into plates that move over the asthenosphere, the molten upper portion of the mantle. Oceanic and continental plates come together. What theory is it?

A

Plate Tectonics Theory

92
Q

The internal and external forces causing stresses and chemical action on earth materials and bringing about changes in the configuration of the surface of the earth.

A

Geomorphic Processes

93
Q

pressure that originates inside the earth
also called as Internal Forces
it lead to vertical and horizontal movements

A

Endogenic Forces

94
Q

These are also referred to as Diastrophic forces. It results in changes over some time.

A

Slow Movements

95
Q

these are the visible motions, and include significant landform changes like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

A

Sudden Movements

96
Q

warping or upliftment of large parts of the earth’s surface.

A

Epeirogenic motions

97
Q

process of mountain building that involves major folding, and affects the long as well as narrow belts of the surface.

A

Orogenic movements

98
Q

forces which derive their strength from the earth’s exterior or originate within the earth’s atmosphere
Also called as External Forces

A

Exogenic Forces

99
Q

What are the main exogenic processes?

A

Weathering, erosion, and deposition

100
Q

pressure that is created due to the motion of the solid material on the earth’s surface.

also called Tectonism

A

Diastrophism

101
Q

various processes and phenomena associated with the surficial discharge of molten rock, pyroclastic fragments, or hot water and steam, including volcanoes, geysers, and fumaroles.

A

Volcanism or Vulcanism

102
Q

sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks.

A

Earthquake

103
Q

disintegration, or alternation of rock

through physical, chemical, and biological processes induced or modified by wind, water, and climate.

A

Weathering

104
Q

removal of surface material from Earth’s crust, primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials by natural agencies (such as water or wind) from the point of removal.

105
Q

The continents in our planet were united into a large supercontinent called Pangea

TRUE OR FALSE

106
Q

What layer of the earth drives and distributes the internal heat found in the mantle specifically in the asthenosphere?

107
Q

The orogenic process is a mountain-building process that causes severe and significant changes in the Earth’s surface. On the other hand, the orogenic process…

A

Changes the planet thru continental-building processes

108
Q

examples of chemical weathering except:

A

Exfoliation

109
Q

What is Weathering?

A

The breaking and transporting in situ of huge rocks

110
Q

Exogenic Processes are covered under a term which is ______________________________.

A

Denudation

111
Q

The tenets under plate tectonics have the foundation of the tenets presented by Alfred Wegener in his Theory of Continental-Drift.

TRUE OR FALSE

112
Q

It is the movement found in the earth’s asthenosphere which is the main driving force of lithospheric plate movements.

A

Convection Current

113
Q

A process is driven by internal forces that lead to vertical and horizontal movements and result in subsidence, land upliftment, volcanism, faulting, folding earthquakes, etc.

A

Endogenic Process

114
Q

A process is driven by forces that derive their strength from the earth’s exterior or originate within the earth’s atmosphere.

A

Exogenic Process

115
Q

Plates moving toward each other.

A

Convergent Plate Boundaries

116
Q

Plates moving in opposite directions.

A

Divergent Plate Boundaries

117
Q

Interacting plates moving against each other slipping side by side.

A

Transform Plate Boundaries

118
Q

Major separate rigid blocks of landmasses on the earth’s lithosphere

119
Q

The settlement of exogenic processes.

A

Deposition

120
Q

One of the reasons why planet earth’s surface is filled with geological uneven structures.

A

Geomorphic Processes

1st Quarter (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions