Science

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

One-called micro-organisms. AKA germs or microbes

2 types:

1. Nonpathogenic: non-disease-producing bacteria
2. Pathogenic: Disease-producing bacteria

Question 2

NON-PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Answer 2

Are harmless and can be very beneficial.

• some bacteria have medical applications
• some are healthy probiotics
• approximately 70% of al bacteria are nonpathogenic and many live on the surface of the skin.

Question 3

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Answer 3

Live everywhere in your environment and even inside the body.

• Several different types of pathogenic bacteria are harmful because they cause infection and disease, and some produce toxins (poisons).
• Infectious bacteria can be easily spread in the salon by using unsanitary implements or via dirty hands and fingernails.

Bacteria are single cells with one of three basic shapes.

Question 4

Cocci

KOK-si

Answer 4

Spherical bacteria cells, which appear singularly or in groups.

Think: C= circle and cocci. There are three groups of Cocci.

Question 5

STAPHYLOCOCCI

Answer 5

(staf-i-lo-KOK-si) (referred to as staph)

-Pus-forming bacterial cells
-Form as grape-like bunches or in clusters
-Present in abscesses, pustules and boils
Some types won’t cause infection but others could be fatal

Question 6

STREPTOCCI

Answer 6

(strep-to-KOK-si)

Pus-forming bacterial cells
Form in long chains and can cause septicemia (sometimes called blood poisoning), strep throat, rheumatic fever and other serious infections

Question 7

chemistry

Answer 7

Chemistry is the scientific study of matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter.

Question 8

Matter

Answer 8

Matter is anything that occupies space and has weight. Look around.

Question 9

Organic Chemistry

Answer 9

Organic chemistry deals with all matter that is now living or was alive at one time, with carbon present, such as plants and animals.

Question 10

Inorganic Chemistry

Answer 10

Inorganic chemistry studies all matter that is not alive, has never been alive and does not contain carbon, such as rocks, water and minerals.

Question 11

matter exists in three basic forms:

Answer 11

Solid – Matter with definite weight, volume and shape
Liquid – Matter with definite weight and volume but no definite shape
Gas – Matter with definite weight but indefinite volume and shape

Question 12

Physical Change

Answer 12

Physical Change – A change in the physical characteristics of a substance without creating a new substance
Examples include melting ice or freezing water, crushing a can, mixing sand and water, breaking a glass or shredding paper.

Question 13

Chemical Change

Answer 13

Chemical Change – A change in a substance that creates a new substance with chemical characteristics different from those of the original substance
Examples include iron changing to rust, a cake being baked, or a hair color change by mixing hair color and hydrogen peroxide.

Question 14

Elements

Answer 14

All matter, whether solid, liquid or gas, whether living or nonliving, consists of atoms, which make up elements. Elements are basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

Question 15

five elements are important for the salon professional to know

Answer 15

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur..

hey form the basis of hair, nails and skin

Question 16

Atoms

Answer 16

An atom is the smallest complete unit of an element. Each element consists of a certain kind of atom different from the atoms of any other element.

Atoms have three main parts:

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Protons and neutrons are packed together tightly to form a dense core, or nucleus, at the center of the atom. Electrons move about this nucleus on orbiting paths or shells at nearly the speed of light.

Question 17

Protons

Answer 17

Protons have a positive electrical charge (+) and identify the atom as, for example, a hydrogen atom or an oxygen atom, etc.

Question 18

Neutrons

Answer 18

Neutrons have no electrical charge—they are neutral. The neutron determines the weight of the atom.

Question 19

Electrons

Answer 19

Electrons have a negative electrical charge (-). Under certain circumstances, they make it possible for atoms to unite with other atoms to form bonds.

Question 20

Stable Atoms

Answer 20

The chemical behavior of an atom depends mostly on the number of electrons in its outermost orbiting path or shell.
Some atoms by their very structure are not missing any electrons in their outer shell.
These atoms are considered stable and are electrically neutral.

Question 21

Unstable Atoms

Answer 21

If the outer shell of the atom is missing electrons, the atom is considered unstable or reactive.

Unstable atoms seek other atoms with which they can share electrons to complete their outer shell.
When they combine, they make more complex units, known as molecules.

Question 22

Molecules

Answer 22

When unstable atoms combine chemically by sharing electrons, they form molecules. A molecule is two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond.