Science Flashcards
Ecology.
The study of the relationships between living organisms and the environment.
Ecologist.
Someone who studies this relationship, as well as the impact humans, may have.
What are the four needs of living things?
- Water.
- Food.
- Oxygen.
- Shelter.
Adaptation.
Characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
Can adaptations be learned?
No. They can only be inherited.
Ecosystem.
The interaction between living and non-living things in a particular environment.
What do you call the living feature of an environment?
Biotic.
What do you call the non-living feature of an environment?
Abiotic.
Symbiosis.
When two species live closely together.
Mutualism.
Each partner in a symbiotic relationship benefits.
Commensalism.
One partner benefits from a symbiotic relationship while the other is neutral.
Parasitism.
A partner in a symbiotic relationship meets its needs at the expense of the host.
Natural Resources.
Materials and products found in nature used to meet our basic needs.
List the five examples of renewable natural resources.
- Windpower.
- Water/electric power.
- Wood.
- Geothermal energy.
- Solar energy.
List the five examples of non-renewable natural resources.
- Oil.
- Natural gas.
- Coal.
- Nuclear energy.
- Rocks and minerals.
Renewable.
Naturally occurring resources that can be replaced in a short period of time.
Non-renewable.
Naturally occurring resources that can not be replaced in a short period of time.
Sustainability.
Resources are being renewed at least as quickly as they are used.
Ecological footprint.
A calculation of the total area of land and water needed to supply materials and energy as well as absorb all wastes produced.
What are the three ways of decreasing your footprint?
Reduce, reuse, and recycle.
Niche.
What an organism eats, where it lives, and how it interacts. (Can also be called its ecological role.)
Producers.
Produce energy for themselves from the sun.
Consumers.
Consume food made by producers. May hunt or forage.
What are the three types of consumers?
- Herbivores.
- Carnivores.
- Omnivores.
Herbivore.
Eats plants.
Carnivore.
Eats meat.
Omnivore.
Eats both plants and meat.
Food chain.
A model that shows how energy is passed.
What are the four ways that energy moves?
- Used as fuel.
- Released as heat.
- Stored in tissues.
- Released as waste.
Food web.
A network of interconnected food chains that can get large and complex.
Pyramid of Numbers.
Shows how many organisms are involved in the total energy transfer.
What does the Pyramid of Numbers state?
Largest amount: producers.
Medium amount: herbivores.
Smallest amount: carnivores.
Biomass.
The total mass of all the organisms in an ecosystem.
Scavengers.
Organisms that feed on dead or decaying plant or animal matter.
Decomposers.
Do not eat; they grow on or in dead material and absorb the nutrients into their own cells.
List the steps of the Carbon Cycle.
- Carbon dioxide in the air:
a) Breathing out carbon dioxide.
b) Burning releases carbon dioxide into the air.
c) Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the air. - Photosynthesis: plants take in carbon dioxide to make food.
- Decomposers put carbon dioxide back into the soil.
- Carbon dioxide is in the ground.
List the steps of the Water Cycle.
- Evaporation.
- Condensation.
- Precipitation.
- Transpiration.
- Run-off/Groundwater.
Evaporation.
Liquid to gas.
Condensation.
Gas to liquid.
Precipitation.
Rain, sleet, snow, and/or hail.
Transpiration.
Water is taken in by roots; evaporates from the plant’s leaves.
Run-off/groundwater.
Water that runs off the ground into lakes, rivers, or streams.
Pollution.
A substance that cannot be broken down, stored or recycled quickly.
Pollutants.
Substances that form pollution.
Acid rain.
When acid pollutants are found in precipitation.
What is an example of acid rain? What is the PH level? What is the problem with this occurring?
“Dead lakes” have a PH level below 5.6. The water is too acidic for plants and animals to survive.
Bioaccumulation.
When pollutants move from level to level in a food web.
Succession.
The gradual process by which some species replace other species in an ecosystem.
What are the two steps of succession?
- Organisms alter the environment.
2. This allows other species to move in.
Primary succession.
Growth in an area that was completely empty to start.
What are the two steps of primary succession?
- Linches, mosses, and ferns first appear on bare rock.
2. Now new plants and animals can move in.
Secondary succession.
Growth in an area that had other organisms before.
What is an example of secondary succession?
Regeneration of a burned forest.