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Science > Science 10, Unit 1 Chemistry > Flashcards

Science 10, Unit 1 Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What subatomic particle does the atomic number represent?

A

Protons

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2
Q

If elements are in the same period what do they have the same number of?

A

Energy levels (valence shells)

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3
Q

Elements in the same group have the same number of…..

A

Valence electrons

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4
Q

Compounds that involve the transfer of electrons are…

A

Ionic compounds

When showing this, use arrows to show the electron acceptor and donor

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5
Q

What are ionic compounds composed of?

A

Non-metal and a metal

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6
Q

Compounds that involve the SHARING of electrons is…

A

Covalent or molecular compounds

When showing this, use bubbles

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7
Q

What are covalent compounds (or molecular) compounds composed of?

A

2 non-metals

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8
Q

What is a diatomic molecule?

A

A diatomic molecule is an element that when by themselves need to have 2 atoms present. They create a gas.

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9
Q

What are the different diatomic molecules?

A

HOFBrINCl

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10
Q

What are the defining characteristics of acids?

A
  • conduct electricity
  • taste sour (if they can be tasted)
  • can cause severe burns (strong acids)
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11
Q

What is acids pH range?

A

0-6

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12
Q

How can you tell if it is an acid?

A

If the first element in a compound is hydrogen. Ex. HCl

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13
Q

What are 3 defining characteristics of bases?

A
  • conduct electricity
  • taste bitter
  • feel slippery
  • can cause severe burns (strong bases)
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14
Q

What is the pH range for bases?

A

8-14

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15
Q

How can you tell if a element is a base by looking at just a formula?

A

OH will be in the end of the formula. OH is hydroxide.

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16
Q

What 2 elements are found in all organic compounds?

A

carbon and hydrogen

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17
Q

In this equation, which letters are products, which letters are reactants?
A+B->C+D

A

Products are C+D

Reactants are A+B

18
Q

The reaction that requires energy to occur is known as an ________ reaction and feels _______ to the touch.

A

Endothermic

Feels COLD to the touch

19
Q

A reaction that PRODUCES energy when it occurs is known as an ___________ reaction and feels __________ to the touch.

A

Exothermic

feels HOT to the touch

20
Q

What is the basic form of a combustion reaction?

A

C_H_

C_H_ + O2 -> CO2 + H2O

21
Q

What type of combustion occurs when there is a plentiful supply of O2?

A

Complete combustion

22
Q

What type of combustions occurs when there is a limited supply of O2?

A

Incomplete combustion

23
Q

What is the basic word equation for a neutralization reaction?

A

Acid +base -> water + salt

24
Q

What is a multivalent element?

A

An element with more than one possible charge,

They are most likely found in transition metals family located in the middle of the table.

25
Q

What is WHMIS

A

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

The purpose is to enable employees and employers to know about the hazards of working with chemicals.

26
Q

What are 3 substances we can use to determine whether a solution is acidic or basic?

A

pH paper, Litmus paper, synthetic indicators

27
Q

What is meant by the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

The speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds/occurs.

28
Q

What are the 4 factors that influence the rate of a reaction?

A

Temperature, particle size, concentration, and catalyst

29
Q

How will changing each factor affect the rate of reaction?

A

Higher temperature-faster reaction rate
Higher concentration- faster reaction rate
Smaller particle size- faster reaction rate
Catalyst- faster reaction rate

30
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a reaction, it is chemically unchanged at the end of a reaction
Ex KMNO4

31
Q

What is the basic premise of the conservation of mass?

A

The mass of the product you make in a chemical reaction is the same mass as in the reactants.
Mass of the products=mass of reactants

32
Q

What are 3 identifying factors that determine if a reaction resulted in a physical change?

A
  • changes form but keeps the same chemical composition
  • changes the way substance looks
  • does not result in a new substance

Melting point, colour, boiling point

33
Q

Describe indicators of a physical change

A

Change in size, shape or location.

Change in state or concentration.

34
Q

What are 5 indicators that a reaction resulted in a chemical change?

A
  • energy taken in or given off in a form of heat or light
  • formation of gas bubbles
  • formation of a solid (precipitate)
  • change of colour

•formation of a different odour

35
Q

Describe the characteristics that determine if a chemical change will occur?

A
  • reactivity
  • combustibility
  • flammability
36
Q

What are the types of chemical reactions? (Know these!)

A 
Single replacement
Double displacement
Acid base neutralization 
Combustion reaction
Synthesis reaction
Decomposition reaction
37
Q

Naming ionic compounds

A

Cation keeps its name, anion drops ending and adds the suffix -ide

If multivalent, use roman numerals
The polyatomic ions remain the same
Remember TO CRISS CROSS AND SIMPLIFY

38
Q

Naming covalent compounds

A 
Use prefixes
Ex:
Mono-1
Di-2
Tri-3
Tetra-4
Penta-5
Hexa-6
Hepta-7
Octa-8

If the first atom in the compound contains only 1 atom, we do not use the prefix mono to indicate this

Do not reduce.

39
Q

Naming acids

A

Binary acid~ H with one other element ex. Hydro______acid

Tertiary acid with ATE polyatomics~ Do not use the prefix hydro( only use ______ic acid

Tertiary with ITE polyatomics~ do not use prefix hydro, use suffix ________ous acid

40
Q

Naming bases

A

Ex.
Cu(OH)3
Copper (III) hydroxide

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