Science 10:Climate Bio Pt2 Flashcards
What is the Biosphere?
A relatively thin layer of Earth that has conditions for supporting life
What are the 3 components of the biosphere?
1.Atmosphere
2.Hydrosphere
3.Lithosphere
What is Atmosphere?
The layer of gases that surround the earth.
What is the hydrosphere?
All the water present on earth in any state.
What is the lithosphere?
The sold portion of the earth
What does the Lithosphere include?
1.Rocks
2.Minerals
3.Elements
What is Albedo?
the percent of solar radiation that a material reflects
What is Climate?
Average weather conditions in a region over a period of several years (at least 30)
What are living things found in the biosphere?
All of the Biosphere
What is Weather?
Atmospheric conditions of a specific place at a specific time
Examples of climate
EX: Vancouver has a rainy climate, Mexico has a hot climate
Examples of Weather
EX: rain, sun, wind, snow, cloud coverage, etc.
Define Anecdotal and give examples
Things we see/experience
examples: EX: “It’s felt colder this year than last year”
Define Scientific and give examples
Facts/data using numbers and measurements
Examples: “The average temperature of Jan 2022 was 2.3° colder than Jan 2021.”
What are the 4 types of climate?
1.Narrow: Doesn’t vary much.
example:Mexico
2.Wide: Varies a lot.
Example:Edmonton
3.Moderate: Mild, not too hot or cold. EX: Vancouver
4.Severe Extremes; hot or cold. example:Greenland
Define Biotic
living things like plants,animals and bacteria
Define Abiotic
Non-Living Things like rocks, water and sunlight.
What are the 4 layers that compose the atmosphere?
1.Thermosphere
2.Mesosphere
3.Stratosphere
4.Troposphere
What is Inversion?
A reversal of the temperature change with altitude (usually we would expect it to get colder as we go higher, but in the stratosphere and thermosphere, it gets hotter)
What atmospheric layer contains 80% of atmospheric gases?
Troposphere
What atmospheric layer converts oxygen to ozone using an exothermic reaction?
Stratosphere
What is the source of all energy on earth?
The Sun
What does the electromagnetic Spectrum include?
1.Gamma rays
2.ultraviolet
3,Visible light
5.Infrared
Define Gamma Rays
Used in chemotherapy to kill cancer cells
Define Ultravilolet
Can be absorbed by the skin; why we need sunscreen
Define Visible light
What we can see; each colour has a different wavelength
Define Infrared
Transmits heat
What is Insolation?
The amount of energy that is actually received by the Earth’s surface
What is Angle of Inclination measured at?
23.5 degrees
What is Angle of Inclination
The angle at which the Earth is tilted at.
Define June Solstice
North hemisphere:
Tilted:Towards Sun
Season: Summer
South hemisphere:
Tilted:Away from sun
Season:Winter
Define September Solstice
North Hemisphere:
Tilted: Directly faces the sun
Season:Fall
South Hemisphere:
Tilted Directly faces the sun
Season:Spring
When a ray hits the earth straight on
It only hits a smaller area. Energy is not spread out.
Define December Solstice
North Hemisphere:
Tilted: Away from the sun
Season:Winter
South Hemisphere:
Tilted:Towards the sun
Season: Summer
Define March Equinox
Equator directly faces the sun in both the south and north hemisphere
north hemisphere season: Spring
South hemisphere season:Fall
What is Equinox?
'’Equal day and night’’ the two days were day and night hours are the same.
What is solstice?
One of the two points in Earth’s orbit where the poles are pointed most towards or away from the sun
What is an example low Albedo?
Asphalt
What is an example of high Albedo?
Snow and ice
Explain Net Radiation in polar regions
-low insolation means less incoming radiation which means high albedo which means more is going out so there is a HEAT DEFICIT.
Explain Net Radiation in Equator Regions?
High insolation means more incoming radiation which means low albedo and less outgoing radiation so there is a HEAT SURPLUS!!
Define Incoming Radiation
Solar energy that makes it to the surface of Earth (isn’t reflected back to space by the atmosphere)
Define Outgoing Radiation
Thermal energy that the Earth’s surface re-emits back out into space (not including what gets trapped in the atmosphere)
What are the 6 biomes on earth?
1.Tundra
2.Taiga
3.Deciduous forest
4. Grasslands
5.Rainforest
6.Desert
What are the 4 effecst of
thermal energy transfer in the atmosphere
1.Atmosphere pressure is the pressure exerted by a column of air over any given point
2.The difference in air pressure and temperature create convection currents in the atmosphere
3.Colder air exerts more pressure than warm air, since it is more dense
4.Wind is the movement of air from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure
What is the Coriolis effect?
The bending of moving currents in response to Earth’s rotation
What are Jet streams?
A “river” of fast flowing winds are in the stratosphere These strong winds (480 - 640 km/h) are typically thousands of kilometers long and hundreds of kilometers wide
How can Jet streams be positive?
Changes in the Jet streams help predict severe weather.
What is Specific Heat Capacity?
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree.
What is Quantity of thermal energy?
The amount of thermal energy released by 1g of a substance as its temperature changes by 1 degree.
What are the 6 phases in the matter triangle?
1.Melting
2.Condensation
3.Evaporation
4.Sublimation
5.Deposition
The amount of energy released when 1g of a substance in the solid phase changes into the liquid phase without a change in temperature
Heat of Fusion
The amount of energy released when 1g of a substance in the gas phase changes into the liquid phase without a change in temperature.
Heat of Condensation
Albedo is a value that indicates what proportion of light is __________ by a particular surface.
Reflected
The lowest temperature ever recorded was -89.2 °C in Antarctica. The highest temperature ever recorded was 57.8 °C in Northern Africa, near the equator. These regional temperature differences indicate that:
more solar energy is absorbed at the equator than at the South Pole.
City A has very little variation in temperature during the year because city A is located
near the equator
Which statement describes the relationship between average net radiation budget and latitude?
There is a net radiation budget surplus at the equator, and a net radiation budget deficit at the poles.
What is an Open system?
Ones where both matter and energy are exchanged with the surrondings(Earth)
What is a closed system?
Ones where only energy is exchanged with the surroundings
Natural Greenhouse Effect
The natural heating of the earth by the gases in the atmosphere absorbing solar radiation.
Global Warming
The warming of the climate due to human activity.
