Science 10:Climate Bio Pt2 Flashcards by Ava Mb

What is the Biosphere?

A relatively thin layer of Earth that has conditions for supporting life

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 3 components of the biosphere?

1.Atmosphere
2.Hydrosphere
3.Lithosphere

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Atmosphere?

The layer of gases that surround the earth.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the hydrosphere?

All the water present on earth in any state.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the lithosphere?

The sold portion of the earth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the Lithosphere include?

1.Rocks
2.Minerals
3.Elements

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Albedo?

the percent of solar radiation that a material reflects

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Climate?

Average weather conditions in a region over a period of several years (at least 30)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are living things found in the biosphere?

All of the Biosphere

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Weather?

Atmospheric conditions of a specific place at a specific time

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Examples of climate

EX: Vancouver has a rainy climate, Mexico has a hot climate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Examples of Weather

EX: rain, sun, wind, snow, cloud coverage, etc.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Anecdotal and give examples

Things we see/experience
examples: EX: “It’s felt colder this year than last year”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Scientific and give examples

Facts/data using numbers and measurements
Examples: “The average temperature of Jan 2022 was 2.3° colder than Jan 2021.”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 4 types of climate?

1.Narrow: Doesn’t vary much.
example:Mexico
2.Wide: Varies a lot.
Example:Edmonton
3.Moderate: Mild, not too hot or cold. EX: Vancouver
4.Severe Extremes; hot or cold. example:Greenland

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Biotic

living things like plants,animals and bacteria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Abiotic

Non-Living Things like rocks, water and sunlight.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 4 layers that compose the atmosphere?

1.Thermosphere
2.Mesosphere
3.Stratosphere
4.Troposphere

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Inversion?

A reversal of the temperature change with altitude (usually we would expect it to get colder as we go higher, but in the stratosphere and thermosphere, it gets hotter)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What atmospheric layer contains 80% of atmospheric gases?

Troposphere

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What atmospheric layer converts oxygen to ozone using an exothermic reaction?

Stratosphere

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the source of all energy on earth?

The Sun

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the electromagnetic Spectrum include?

1.Gamma rays
2.ultraviolet
3,Visible light
5.Infrared

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Gamma Rays

Used in chemotherapy to kill cancer cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define Ultravilolet

Can be absorbed by the skin; why we need sunscreen

Define Visible light

What we can see; each colour has a different wavelength

Define Infrared

Transmits heat

What is Insolation?

The amount of energy that is actually received by the Earth’s surface

What is Angle of Inclination measured at?

23.5 degrees

What is Angle of Inclination

The angle at which the Earth is tilted at.

Define June Solstice

North hemisphere: Tilted:Towards Sun Season: Summer South hemisphere: Tilted:Away from sun Season:Winter

Define September Solstice

North Hemisphere: Tilted: Directly faces the sun Season:Fall South Hemisphere: Tilted Directly faces the sun Season:Spring

When a ray hits the earth straight on

It only hits a smaller area. Energy is not spread out.

Define December Solstice

North Hemisphere: Tilted: Away from the sun Season:Winter South Hemisphere: Tilted:Towards the sun Season: Summer

Define March Equinox

Equator directly faces the sun in both the south and north hemisphere north hemisphere season: Spring South hemisphere season:Fall

What is Equinox?

''Equal day and night'' the two days were day and night hours are the same.

What is solstice?

One of the two points in Earth’s orbit where the poles are pointed most towards or away from the sun

What is an example low Albedo?

Asphalt

What is an example of high Albedo?

Snow and ice

Explain Net Radiation in polar regions

-low insolation means less incoming radiation which means high albedo which means more is going out so there is a HEAT DEFICIT.

Explain Net Radiation in Equator Regions?

High insolation means more incoming radiation which means low albedo and less outgoing radiation so there is a HEAT SURPLUS!!

Define Incoming Radiation

Solar energy that makes it to the surface of Earth (isn’t reflected back to space by the atmosphere)

Define Outgoing Radiation

Thermal energy that the Earth’s surface re-emits back out into space (not including what gets trapped in the atmosphere)

What are the 6 biomes on earth?

1.Tundra 2.Taiga 3.Deciduous forest 4. Grasslands 5.Rainforest 6.Desert

What are the 4 effecst of thermal energy transfer in the atmosphere

1.Atmosphere pressure is the pressure exerted by a column of air over any given point 2.The difference in air pressure and temperature create convection currents in the atmosphere 3.Colder air exerts more pressure than warm air, since it is more dense 4.Wind is the movement of air from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure

What is the Coriolis effect?

The bending of moving currents in response to Earth’s rotation

What are Jet streams?

A “river” of fast flowing winds are in the stratosphere These strong winds (480 - 640 km/h) are typically thousands of kilometers long and hundreds of kilometers wide

How can Jet streams be positive?

Changes in the Jet streams help predict severe weather.

What is Specific Heat Capacity?

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree.

What is Quantity of thermal energy?

The amount of thermal energy released by 1g of a substance as its temperature changes by 1 degree.

What are the 6 phases in the matter triangle?

1.Melting 2.Condensation 3.Evaporation 4.Sublimation 5.Deposition

The amount of energy released when 1g of a substance in the solid phase changes into the liquid phase without a change in temperature

Heat of Fusion

The amount of energy released when 1g of a substance in the gas phase changes into the liquid phase without a change in temperature.

Heat of Condensation

Albedo is a value that indicates what proportion of light is __________ by a particular surface.

Reflected

The lowest temperature ever recorded was -89.2 °C in Antarctica. The highest temperature ever recorded was 57.8 °C in Northern Africa, near the equator. These regional temperature differences indicate that:

more solar energy is absorbed at the equator than at the South Pole.

City A has very little variation in temperature during the year because city A is located

near the equator

Which statement describes the relationship between average net radiation budget and latitude?

There is a net radiation budget surplus at the equator, and a net radiation budget deficit at the poles.

What is an Open system?

Ones where both matter and energy are exchanged with the surrondings(Earth)

What is a closed system?

Ones where only energy is exchanged with the surroundings

Natural Greenhouse Effect

The natural heating of the earth by the gases in the atmosphere absorbing solar radiation.

Global Warming

The warming of the climate due to human activity.