Science 10:Climate Bio Pt2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Biosphere?

A

A relatively thin layer of Earth that has conditions for supporting life

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of the biosphere?

A

1.Atmosphere
2.Hydrosphere
3.Lithosphere

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3
Q

What is Atmosphere?

A

The layer of gases that surround the earth.

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4
Q

What is the hydrosphere?

A

All the water present on earth in any state.

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5
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

The sold portion of the earth

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6
Q

What does the Lithosphere include?

A

1.Rocks
2.Minerals
3.Elements

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7
Q

What is Albedo?

A

the percent of solar radiation that a material reflects

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8
Q

What is Climate?

A

Average weather conditions in a region over a period of several years (at least 30)

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9
Q

What are living things found in the biosphere?

A

All of the Biosphere

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10
Q

What is Weather?

A

Atmospheric conditions of a specific place at a specific time

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11
Q

Examples of climate

A

EX: Vancouver has a rainy climate, Mexico has a hot climate

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12
Q

Examples of Weather

A

EX: rain, sun, wind, snow, cloud coverage, etc.

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13
Q

Define Anecdotal and give examples

A

Things we see/experience
examples: EX: “It’s felt colder this year than last year”

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14
Q

Define Scientific and give examples

A

Facts/data using numbers and measurements
Examples: “The average temperature of Jan 2022 was 2.3° colder than Jan 2021.”

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15
Q

What are the 4 types of climate?

A

1.Narrow: Doesn’t vary much.
example:Mexico
2.Wide: Varies a lot.
Example:Edmonton
3.Moderate: Mild, not too hot or cold. EX: Vancouver
4.Severe Extremes; hot or cold. example:Greenland

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16
Q

Define Biotic

A

living things like plants,animals and bacteria

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17
Q

Define Abiotic

A

Non-Living Things like rocks, water and sunlight.

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18
Q

What are the 4 layers that compose the atmosphere?

A

1.Thermosphere
2.Mesosphere
3.Stratosphere
4.Troposphere

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19
Q

What is Inversion?

A

A reversal of the temperature change with altitude (usually we would expect it to get colder as we go higher, but in the stratosphere and thermosphere, it gets hotter)

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20
Q

What atmospheric layer contains 80% of atmospheric gases?

A

Troposphere

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21
Q

What atmospheric layer converts oxygen to ozone using an exothermic reaction?

A

Stratosphere

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22
Q

What is the source of all energy on earth?

A

The Sun

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23
Q

What does the electromagnetic Spectrum include?

A

1.Gamma rays
2.ultraviolet
3,Visible light
5.Infrared

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24
Q

Define Gamma Rays

A

Used in chemotherapy to kill cancer cells

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25
Q

Define Ultravilolet

A

Can be absorbed by the skin; why we need sunscreen

26
Q

Define Visible light

A

What we can see; each colour has a different wavelength

27
Q

Define Infrared

A

Transmits heat

28
Q

What is Insolation?

A

The amount of energy that is actually received by the Earth’s surface

29
Q

What is Angle of Inclination measured at?

A

23.5 degrees

30
Q

What is Angle of Inclination

A

The angle at which the Earth is tilted at.

31
Q

Define June Solstice

A

North hemisphere:
Tilted:Towards Sun
Season: Summer
South hemisphere:
Tilted:Away from sun
Season:Winter

32
Q

Define September Solstice

A

North Hemisphere:
Tilted: Directly faces the sun
Season:Fall
South Hemisphere:
Tilted Directly faces the sun
Season:Spring

33
Q

When a ray hits the earth straight on

A

It only hits a smaller area. Energy is not spread out.

34
Q

Define December Solstice

A

North Hemisphere:
Tilted: Away from the sun
Season:Winter
South Hemisphere:
Tilted:Towards the sun
Season: Summer

35
Q

Define March Equinox

A

Equator directly faces the sun in both the south and north hemisphere
north hemisphere season: Spring
South hemisphere season:Fall

36
Q

What is Equinox?

A

'’Equal day and night’’ the two days were day and night hours are the same.

37
Q

What is solstice?

A

One of the two points in Earth’s orbit where the poles are pointed most towards or away from the sun

38
Q

What is an example low Albedo?

A

Asphalt

39
Q

What is an example of high Albedo?

A

Snow and ice

40
Q

Explain Net Radiation in polar regions

A

-low insolation means less incoming radiation which means high albedo which means more is going out so there is a HEAT DEFICIT.

41
Q

Explain Net Radiation in Equator Regions?

A

High insolation means more incoming radiation which means low albedo and less outgoing radiation so there is a HEAT SURPLUS!!

42
Q

Define Incoming Radiation

A

Solar energy that makes it to the surface of Earth (isn’t reflected back to space by the atmosphere)

43
Q

Define Outgoing Radiation

A

Thermal energy that the Earth’s surface re-emits back out into space (not including what gets trapped in the atmosphere)

44
Q

What are the 6 biomes on earth?

A

1.Tundra
2.Taiga
3.Deciduous forest
4. Grasslands
5.Rainforest
6.Desert

45
Q

What are the 4 effecst of
thermal energy transfer in the atmosphere

A

1.Atmosphere pressure is the pressure exerted by a column of air over any given point
2.The difference in air pressure and temperature create convection currents in the atmosphere
3.Colder air exerts more pressure than warm air, since it is more dense
4.Wind is the movement of air from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure

46
Q

What is the Coriolis effect?

A

The bending of moving currents in response to Earth’s rotation

47
Q

What are Jet streams?

A

A “river” of fast flowing winds are in the stratosphere These strong winds (480 - 640 km/h) are typically thousands of kilometers long and hundreds of kilometers wide

48
Q

How can Jet streams be positive?

A

Changes in the Jet streams help predict severe weather.

49
Q

What is Specific Heat Capacity?

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree.

50
Q

What is Quantity of thermal energy?

A

The amount of thermal energy released by 1g of a substance as its temperature changes by 1 degree.

51
Q

What are the 6 phases in the matter triangle?

A

1.Melting
2.Condensation
3.Evaporation
4.Sublimation
5.Deposition

52
Q

The amount of energy released when 1g of a substance in the solid phase changes into the liquid phase without a change in temperature

A

Heat of Fusion

53
Q

The amount of energy released when 1g of a substance in the gas phase changes into the liquid phase without a change in temperature.

A

Heat of Condensation

54
Q

Albedo is a value that indicates what proportion of light is __________ by a particular surface.

A

Reflected

55
Q

The lowest temperature ever recorded was -89.2 °C in Antarctica. The highest temperature ever recorded was 57.8 °C in Northern Africa, near the equator. These regional temperature differences indicate that:

A

more solar energy is absorbed at the equator than at the South Pole.

56
Q

City A has very little variation in temperature during the year because city A is located

A

near the equator

57
Q

Which statement describes the relationship between average net radiation budget and latitude?

A

There is a net radiation budget surplus at the equator, and a net radiation budget deficit at the poles.

58
Q

What is an Open system?

A

Ones where both matter and energy are exchanged with the surrondings(Earth)

59
Q

What is a closed system?

A

Ones where only energy is exchanged with the surroundings

60
Q

Natural Greenhouse Effect

A

The natural heating of the earth by the gases in the atmosphere absorbing solar radiation.

61
Q

Global Warming

A

The warming of the climate due to human activity.