science 1 63 add thru 71 Flashcards
machine
a device that helps you do work more easily with it than without it.
model
a way of representing something in the world to learn more about it.
mass
the amount of matter in an object.
criteria
goals that must be satisfied to successfully achieve a challenge.
constraints
factors that limit how you can solve a problem
force
a push or pull resulting from an objects interaction with another object.
newton
a unit to measure force
balanced forces
forces that are equal in size and opposite in direction. Balanced forces do not result in any change in motion.
unbalanced forces
forces applied to an object in opposite directions that are not equal in size. unbalanced forces result in a change in motion.
friction
the force that opposes the motion or tendency toward motion of two objects that are in contact
gravity
a pull between two objects for example between an object and earth.
inertia
the tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion
acceleration
the rate at which the speed and direction (velocity) an object is moving changes.
simple machine
a machine with few or no moving parts.
inclined plane
a sloping surface connecting a higher level to a lower level.
trade-off
giving up one thing in exchange for another.
mechanical advantages
the amount a machine increases the force applied to an object. as a tradeoff the distance that the object must be moved is increased.
work
when a force acts on an object and the object moves a distance in the direction of the force then work has been done
How can a machine change a force? EXample
incline plane, the wedge and the screw (reduce the force needed to move an object.
PULLEY - used to raise and lower a flag
LEVER - is show by a seesaw on the playground.
Lever
a simple machine made up of a rigid bar that pivots around a fixed point (fulcrum). seesaw teeter-tauter.
fulcrum
fixed point or pivot point on the lever (seesaw)
rigid
stiff
load
the object that is being moved, or the resisting force.
What were the first 2 machines used ?
When?
Levers and incline planes.
First use can be traced back to 5000 BCE
The tendency of an object to resist motion is called
inertia
A machine with few or no moving part is called ?
simple machine
Name two examples of an incline plain
screw and wedge
incline plane
a sloping surface connecting a higher and lower level surfaces.
newton
a unit toure force
newton 1st law of motion?
the state of motion of an object DOES NOT CHANGE as long as the NET FORCE acting on the object is ZERO
LAW #1 = ZERO
Newton’ 2nd law of motion?
The ACCELERATION of an object is equal to the net force action on it, DIVIDED by the objects mass.
LAW #2 = ACCELARATION & DIVIDED.
Newton’s 3 rd law of motion?
Force always occur in EQUAL and OPPOSITE PAIRS between to objects
LAW#3 = EQUAL, OPPOSITE, PAIRS
Draw a force diagram for a book sitting on a desk with balanced forces on the sides.
describe your drawing
criteria
goals that must be satisfied to successfully achieve a challenge
if you push an object and it moves 5 feet we know …….
the forces are unbalanced
The force that causes an object to move is called
propulsion force
velocity
speed + distance
describe 2 kinds of acceleration
peddling a bike faster
driving 20 miles an hour on your go cart and putting on the brakes
remember turning too can change acceleration.
Elastic potential energy
is the energy stored in elastic materials as a result of their stretching or compressing.
kinetic
is the energy of motion (any direction)
gravitational potential
energy is … energy stored in an object as the result of is vertical position.
potential energy
is the stored energy of position possessed by an object
like a bow (bow and arrow) pulled back ready to fire.
The act or changing positions is called
MOVING
Factors that limit how you can solve a problem are called
constraints
What law states for every action/force there is an equal and opposite reaction or force
Newton’s 3rd law
type of simple machine that has a rope around a wheel is called a
pulley
Which law states an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion until acted upon by an outside force
Newtons 1st law of motion
what is a unit to measure FORCE
newton
WHAT CAN CAUSE A OBJECT THAT IS MOVING TO SLOW DOWN OR TURN OR STOP
ANY OUTSIDE FORCE
A hockey stick is what kind of lever?
third class
what law states an object is equal to the net force acting on it divided by the object
Newtons 2nd law
A machine changes the __________ OR _____________ of a force that can be applied to an object.
amount and direction
remember force amount direction
FAD
What type of machine is a modified inclined plane
WEDGE
Energy
the ability to make something move
Speed
distance divided by time
volume
the amount of space something takes up.
like length x width x height.
simulation
the imitation of a real process -
like a flight simulator for a pilot to practice flying
Motion
the act or process of moving over time
remember moving is changing positions but motion includes time
motion has a T in it that will help you remember time
upward force
is any force that counteracts the force of gravity.
buoyancy (floating in a pool) is an example of upward force.
reference point
.
coast
to move without being continuously pushed and pulled
chassis
Is the frame and wheels of a vehicle. chassis supports the engine and load of the vehicle
Axel
Wheels of the car are connected by the axel
bearings
looks like a straw goes around the axel and lets the wheels rotate
reference point
a place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion.
frame of reference
is the position you are viewing from - on the ground or from the top of a 10 story building.
propulsion force
a push or pull that causes an object to move
Which way did you wind the propeller?
Counter-clockwise
which made it move forward
If you wind it clock-wise it would go backwards
Air resistance
the opposition of the atmosphere to forward movement.
What force made the coaster cars move
coast ???
What made the propeller cars move
propulsion force
Type of energy that is stored is
potential energy
temperature
is how hot or cold something is
A magnet that runs on electricity is an
electromagnet
Energy transferred through vibrations is
sand
Energy of moving electric charges is
electric energy
Visible energy that is given off by some objects in the form of radiation is
Light ??
Geothermal Energy
energy derived from the heat of the earth
Two types of circuits
series and parallel
What is the formula for speed
Speed = Distance/time
positive and negative acceleration
+ is when you are speeding up
- is when you are slowing down
Explain what a mechanical advantage means
When a machine can help you do something easier
a machine with few or no moving parts is a
simple machine
tendency of an object to resist change in motion is called
inertia
forces that are equal in size and opposite directions
balanced
forces that to an object in opposite directions that are not equal in size
unbalanced
round shaft connecting wheels
axel
the part of a vehicle that help the wheels move freely
bearings
T or F
the frame and the wheels are called the chassis
TRUE
T or F
Motion is nothing more than the change in the position of an object over time
True
T or F
Propulsion force is the measure of how fast an object is traveling
False!
T or F
Friction is always preset and resists the intended change in motion
False
What can and will cause an object that is moving to slow or turn or stop
gravity friction any outside force
