Science 1 Flashcards
How is matter defined?
Anything that has volume and mass
What holds the particles of a solid together?
Force of attraction
Using the particle model, describe two differences between a solid, liquid and gas.
Solid: particles are very close together, vibrate in one spot.
Liquid: particles close together, can slide over each other.
Gas: particles far apart, are free and can move in all directions.
The particles in a sample of matter are very close together.
a. Using only this information can you confirm that this sample is a solid? b.What other information could you use to be certain that the sample is a solid?
a) no, because it could also be a liquid
b) the particles are very or organized
What is the name of the smallest particle of matter that cannot be chemically divided?
The atom
What is:
a) a substance that can dissolve another substance
b) a substance that can into dissolve another substance.
c) a homogenous mixture made up of one substance dissolved into another substance.
a) solvent
b) solute
c) solution
Give 3 or more examples of non-characteristic properties
Mass, volume, colour, texture, smell
a) What is the difference between a characteristic physical property and a chemical characteristic property?
b) example of characteristic physical property
c) example of characteristic chemical property
a) A chemical characteristic property is a test that requires a chemical reaction and a chemical change. Therefore in order to identify the substance we have to change its nature on the molecular level. A physical characteristic property is often a measurement that does not change the substance on a molecular level.
b) boiling/melting point, density, solubility
c) litmus paper, lit/glowing splint test, lime water test.
What type of mixture is the following?
a) handful of earth
b) air
c) smog
d) stainless steel fork
e) seawater
f) raisin muffin
A) hetero
B) homo
C) hetero
D) homo
E) hetero
F) hetero
As you go left to right on a Periodic table, elements go from
a) metals to non metals
b) non metals to metals
a) metals to non metals
What is Boron, Calcium, Helium, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Potassium:
Symbol-
Atomic number-
Atomic mass-
# of protons and electrons-
# of neutrons-
Boron: B, 4, 9, 4, 5
Calcium: Ca, 20, 40, 20, 20
Helium: He, 2, 4, 2, 2
Hydrogen: H, 1, 1, 1, 0
Oxygen: O, 8, 16, 8, 8
Phosphorus: P, 15, 31, 15, 16
Potassium: K, 19, 39, 19, 20
- The mass of an unknown metal sample is 51g and its volume is 4.5 cm². What is the density of this metal?
11.3 g/cm3
What volume would a 0.871 gram sample of air occupy if the density of air is 1.29 g/L
V= m/q
V= 0.871g/1.29g/L
V= 0.68L
Pumice is a volcanic rock that contains many trapped air bubbles. A 225 gram sample occupied 236.6 mL. Will pumice float on water? (the density of water is 1.0 g/mL)
0.95g/mL
Yes.
A gold-coloured ring has a mass of 18.9 grams and a volume of 1.12 mL. Is the ring pure gold? (The density of gold is 19.3 g/mL).
16.9 g/mL
No
A cup of sugar has a volume of 237 mL. What is the mass of a cup of sugar if the density is 1.59 g/mL?
M= 376.8 g
Which has the greater mass, 1 L of water or 1 L of gasoline? The density of water is 1.0 g/mL and that of gasoline is approximately 0.68 g/mL.
Water: m=1kg q=1kg/L
Gasoline: m (0.68g/mL) (1000mL)
m= 680g = 0.680kg
Answer: Water
A crumpet recipe calls for 175 g of flour. According to the data, the density of flour is 0.620 g/mL. What volume of flour is needed for this recipe?
V= 282.3mL
From the density values below, decide whether each of the following substances will sink or float when placed in seawater, which has a density of 1.025 g/mL
Gasoline 0.66 g/mL Asphalt 1.2 g/mL Mercury 13.6 g/mL Cork 0.26 g/mL
Gasoline: Float
Asphalt: Sink
Mercury: Sink
Cork: Float
A sample of lead is found to have a mass of 32.6 g. A graduated cylinder contains 2.8 mL of water. After the lead sample is added to the cylinder the water level reads 5.7 mL. Calculate the density of the lead sample.
q= 11.24g/mL
Name four signs of a chemical change.
Formation of solid
change of colour
formation of gas
change in temperature
emission of light
Identify the following as a physical or chemical change and explain if the chemical nature of the substance changes or not.
a. NaCl dissolved in water
b. Iron rusts
c. Grass grows
d. Food is digested
e. Paper towel absorbs water
f. Ice melts
a. P (dissolution), does not
b. C (oxidation), does
c. C (photosynthesis), does
d. C (oxidation), does
e. P (movement of molecules), does not
f. P (phase change), does not
Determine the concentration of the following solution in g/L:
1.5 g of solute in 60 mL of solution
60mL = 0.060L
C= M/V
C= 1.5g/0.060L
C= 25g/L
Determine the concentration of the following solutions in % m/V:
30 g of solute in 2.5 L of solution
30g/2500mL = (x)g/100mL
x= 5.6g
C= 5.6%
Calculate the mass of the solute needed to obtain the following solution:
5g of solution at 15% m/v
15g/100mL = 5g/(x)mL
X= 33.3mL
If there are 12 g of fat in a chocolate bar with a mass of 25 g, express the concentration in %m/m.
12g/25g = (x)g/100g
X= 48g
C= 48%
What mass of NaCl is needed to make 500 mL of a 12 g/L salt water solution?
M= CV
M= (12g/L) (0.500L)
M= 6g
Class the following concentrations in order of least concentrated to most concentrated.
a. 0.6 %m/V
b. 20 g 100 mL
c. 2 g/L
d. 30 g of solute in a 1.5 L of solution
c, a, d, b
You have 200 mL of a 300 g/L aqueous solution. You want to dilute it to 100 g/L. How much water should you add?
C1= 300g/L V2 = C1 V1/C2
V1= 200mL V2 = (300g/L)(200mL)
C2= 100g/L 100g/L
V2= ? V2 = 600mL
V2-V1= 600mL-200mL=
400mL
If 300 mL of water is added to 50 mL of a solution that has a concentration of 75 g/L, what will the final concentration of that solution be?
C2= 10.71g/L
When 10 mL of water is added to 30 mL of vinegar, the concentration of the vinegar is no higher than 3% V/V. What is the initial concentration?
C1= ? C1= C2 V2/ V1
V1= 30mL C1= (3%)(40mL)
C2= 3% 30mL
V2= 40mL C1= 4%
