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Biology > SCI1002 Biology Mod 10 Quiz > Flashcards

SCI1002 Biology Mod 10 Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

Which organisms make their own food by absorbing energy from the sun through photosynthesis

A

Primary Producers

(Plants produce oxygen and glucose through the process of photosynthesis)

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2
Q

Which of the organisms is the tertiary consumer?

The following is an example of a food chain from sagebrush to steppe ecosystem.

Sagebrush->Squirrel->Snake->Hawk

A

Hawk

(The Hawk is the tertiary consumer, or top-level predator)

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3
Q

The energy within an ecosystem flows from the producers to the consumers. However, one important group of heterotrophs is the decomposers. What role do decomposers serve in an ecosystem?

A

They break down organic matter into nutrients for other organisms.

(Decomposers serve a critical role by breaking down organic matter and releasing nutrients into the ecosystem)

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4
Q

In the tropical regions of Africa, the crocodile lies with its mouth open. A bird species, the Plover, flies into its mouth and feeds on bits of decaying meat stuck in the crocodile’s teeth. The crocodile doesn’t eat the plover. Which term best describes the interaction between the crocodile and the plover?

A

Mutualism

(Mutualism is when both organisms benefit. The crocodile benefits by getting his teeth cleaned, and the plover gets free food)

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5
Q

What is the branch of biology that focuses on how organisms relate to one another and their surroundings?

A

Ecology

(Ecology is the study of how organisms relate to one another and their environment)

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6
Q

The carbon cycle includes two main categories of processes. Some that release carbon into the atmosphere and some that act as carbon reservoirs. The diagram shows both major process categories and give examples of activities for both.

Which of these disruptions would cause an excess output in the carbon cycle?

A

Destruction of terrestrial biota

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7
Q

What are two ways that precipitation moves through the water cycle?

A

Rain and Snow

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8
Q

Which of the following interactions between organisms would be considered a commensalism relationship?

A

Remora fish attach to sharks and eat the scraps they leave behind.

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9
Q

What is the role of nitrates in the Nitrogen cycle

A

It is used by plants for protein synthesis.

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10
Q

Which of the following statements would be a consequence of a natural disaster that killed off most of the primary consumers in an ecosystem?

A

There would be a decrease in the population size of the secondary and tertiary consumers.

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11
Q

The circulation of this life-sustaining element in various forms through Earth’s systems

A

Carbon Cycle

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12
Q

The process where this gas is converted into usable forms as it circulates through Earth

A

Nitrogen Cycle

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13
Q

Rain and weathering causing rocks to release phosphate ions and other minerals

A

Phosphorous Cycle

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14
Q

This element being released from rocks and weathering that is taken up by plants from soil

A

Sulfur Cycle

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15
Q

This compound cycling through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation

A

Water Cycle

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16
Q

Community

A

Different populations that live in the same area

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17
Q

Ecosystem

A

Community and its physical environment

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18
Q

Population

A

Group of organisms from the same species that live in the same area

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19
Q

Species

A

Group of similar organisms that produce fertile offspring

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20
Q

Individual

A

A singe organism within the ecosystem

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21
Q

Commensalism

A

One organism benefits, and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

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22
Q

Competition

A

Two organisms vie for the same food source.

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23
Q

Mutualism

A

Both organisms benefit

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24
Q

Parasitism

A

One organism benefits, and the other is harmed.

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25
Q

Predations

A

One organisms kills and eats another organism

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26
Q

Compare and contrast a food chain and food web by explaining the differences and similarities.

(Answer using complete sentences)

A

A food chain outlines and shows you who eats who, a food web shows all the good in an ecosystem.

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27
Q

Which of the following would best describe the niche of a minnow?

A

Eats Algae and is eaten by larger fish in a pond.

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28
Q

Which of the following would not be included in a description of an organisms niche?

A

Its color

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29
Q

The diagram shows the cycling of nutrients in an ecosystem.

The removal of which of the following groups would cause an immediate decrease in the amount of energy flowing throughk thge system?

A

Producers

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30
Q

Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the tope of an energy pyramid?

A

Sharks - a tertiary consunmer

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31
Q

The physical location of an ecosystem in which a given species lives is call a __________?

A

Habitat

(A habitat is where an organism lives)

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32
Q

A red squirrel has 40000kj of energy from organisms in the following food web.

Which of the following statements best describes the transfer of energy between the red squirrel and the fox?

A

The fox will receive 400kj of available energy from the red squirrel.

(10% of the energy transfers to the next trophic level)

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33
Q

What percent of energy is available as you move up each trophic level?

A

10%

(the 10% rule states that only 10-% of the energy moves up each trophic level)

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34
Q

What is a linear sequence of energy transfer from one organism to the next?

A

Food Chain

(Food chains are represented linearly, starting with the producer and ending with the top predator)

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35
Q

Which of the following resources do plants NOT complete for?

A

Warmth

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36
Q

A contest between organisms seeking the same resources is describing what concept?

A

Competition

(Two species competing for the same resources is referred to as competition)

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37
Q

Consumer

A

Organism that is a heterotroph

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38
Q

Decomposer

A

Organism that decomposes organi material

39
Q

Producer

A

Organism that is an autotroph

40
Q

Apex predator

A

Organism found at the top of a food web

41
Q

Habitat

A

The place where an organism lives and grows

42
Q

Microbiome

A

A community of microorganisms that inhabit a specific environment

43
Q

Microhabitat

A

A small, specialized ecosystem within a larger environment

44
Q

Niche

A

The role an organism plays in a community

45
Q

Explain why no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time.

Answer with complete sentences

A

Because they will fight for the same resources and over time it will just be a constant battle, they will fight for food water etc. meaning they can’t live together in competition.

46
Q

What is a group of the same species living together in the same geograhic location called?

A

Population

47
Q

How does a positive population growth rate of humans in rural areas affect the environmental quality of the native ecosystem?

A

It creates additional waste in the ecosystem that lowers environmental quality.

48
Q

Which of the following examples describes climate?

A

Summers are usually hot and dry.

(climates describe averages over long periods of time)

49
Q

What term describes the day-to-day changes in temperature, cloud cover, wind, and precipitation conditions?

A

Weather

(weather describes DAILY changes on Earth)

50
Q

The climatron shows a graph of a tundra biome,. Which statement describes the factors included in the climatogram?

A

The climatogram shows the change in abiotic factors over the course of the year.

(The climatogram shows precipitation and temperature, which are abiotic factors.)

51
Q

What terms describes the average weather conditions of a region?

A

Climate

52
Q

Which of the following factors does NOT influence a biome?

A

How many people live there

53
Q

Which of the following statements best describe age structure diagrams?

A

They are useful in predicting future trends in a population relating to age groups of males and females.

54
Q

When the environment has reached carrying capacity, which of the following conclusions can be made?

A

The growth and immigration is equal to the death and emigration rate.

55
Q

Which of the following correctly pairs biotic factors with an effect on the biophere?

A

Biotic factors would increase the number and variety of predators.

56
Q

Mullet are estuarine fish that feed on plankton and plant matter, Predators of the mullet include sharks, pelicans, and dolphins. The graph shows changes in the mullet population.

What could explain the change in the mullet population over time?

A

The amount of aquatic plants in the area decreased.

57
Q

The graph shows changes in the human population over time.

Which of the following statements would predict a consequence of these changes?

A

A decrease in the availability of natural resources

58
Q

In tropical regions, the crocodile lies with its mouth open, and the plover bird flies into its mouth to feed on bits of meat stuck in the crocodiles teeth. The crocodile doesn’t eat the bird, and benefits from the tooth-cleaning.

Which term best describes the relationship between the crocodile and the plover?

A

Mutualism

(the croc benefits by getting its teeth cleaned and the plover benefits by getting a meal, this is an example of mutualism)

59
Q

Bats eat insects that damage crops and are vectors for disease. While nbats lhib ernate during the winter months, the fungus that causes white-nose syndrome (WNS) covers the bats face and wings. WNS hgas a 100% mortality rate.

What is the relationship between bats and the fungus that causes WNS?

A

Parasitism

60
Q

What is the major cause of the greenhouse effect?

A

Gases in the atmosphere absorb and trap Earth’s heat.

61
Q

Which of the following is a limiting factor in a population of organisms?

A

Availability of food.

62
Q

Parrotfish are herbivores that live in coral reefs. The parrotfish eat near rabbitfish, which have venomous spines, for protection.

Which type of relationship exists between a parrotfish and a rabbitfish?

A

Commensalism

63
Q

A species of snapping turtle has a tongue resembling a worm that it uses to attract small fish.

Which best describes the interaction between the fish and the snapping turtle?

A

Predation

64
Q

Which of the following interactions between organisms would be considered commensalism?

A

Remora fish attach to sharks and eat the scraps they leave behind. This benefits the Remora and is harmless to the shark.

65
Q

Age structure

A

The composition of a population in terms of age and gender

66
Q

Density and distribution

A

The measurement of organisms residing in a specific area

67
Q

Geographic range

A

The area where a species resides

68
Q

Growth rate

A

The increase or decrease of a population

69
Q

Commensalism

A

A relationship where one organism benefits, and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed

70
Q

Mutualism

A

A relationship where both organisms benefit

71
Q

Parasitism

A

A relationship where one organism benefits and the other organisms is harmed

72
Q

Desert

A

Has few plants and receives less than 25 cm of rainfall per year.

73
Q

Grassland

A

Has seasonal rainfall and grasses that continue to grow after grazing

74
Q

Taiga

A

Has dense evergreen coniferous forest and long, cold winters

75
Q

Temperate forest

A

Has cone bearing and leaf bearing trees, and the trees lose their leaves during the winter.

76
Q

Tropical Rainforest

A

Has the largest number of plant and animal species on Earth.

77
Q

Tundra

A

Has a permanent frozen layer, and moss grows there

78
Q

How are weather and climate similar?
How are they different?

Answer using complete sentences

A

Weather and climate are similar because they both have to do with weather they are just on different time frames. Climate and weather both have to do with it it rains, temperature etc.

79
Q

A developer want to build ma hotel along the Indian River Lagoon estuary in Florida.

What impact would this most likely have on the estuary?

A

Loss of breeding and nursery grounds for marine species.

80
Q

Which of the following statements is the most accurate reason why freshwater biomes are important?

A

They supply freshwater to support life on Earth

81
Q

Which biome has soil that is covered with a thin layer of water and contains grasses that grow in the spongy soil?

A

Wetlands

82
Q

Which biome has soil that is covered with a thin layer of water and contains grasses that grow in the spongy soil?

A

Wetlands

83
Q

Coral reefs and kelp forests are found in the coastal ocean.

Why is the coastal ocean more productive than the open ocean?

A

Land runoff provides a source of nutrients

84
Q

Why are estuaries important

A

They provide breeding and nursery grounds for marine organisms

85
Q

Estuary

A

This ecosystem occurs where freshwater flows into oceans

86
Q

Lake

A

This ecosystem is a basin filled with freshwater that is surrounded by land

87
Q

River

A

This ecosystem begins underground or from mountain snow melt and flows s

88
Q

Wetland

A

This ecosystem occures where water covers a layer of soil for at least part of the year

89
Q

Benthic Zone

A

The zone experiences extreme pressure and frigid temperatures and there is no light

90
Q

Intertidal Zone

A

This zone experiences changes in water level during high and low tide.

91
Q

Neritic Zone

A

This zone receives nutrients from the land and extends over the continental shelf

92
Q

Pelagic Zone

A

This zone makes upn over 90% of the world’s oceans and ranges from 200-10,000 m deep.

93
Q

Why is biodiversity important for ecosystems health and the services the ecosystem provides?

Provide a specific example using complete sentences.

A

Biodiversity is essential for the processes that support all life on Earth, including humans.

Biology (1 decks)

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