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Physiotherapy Neurology 4th year > SCI Pathology > Flashcards

SCI Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hematomyelia? Is it an Inflammatory condition?

A

Acute hemorrhage into central grey matter(CGM). It is not an inflammatory condition occurs when blood leaks into CGM

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2
Q

Is hematomyelia a chronic degenerative condition

A

False, The oedema in the spinal cord subsides and blood is reabsorbed.

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3
Q

Hematomyelia Patients presentation includes: Flaccid Paralysis and and muscle atrophy

A

True, though spastic paralysis gradually increases with segmental loss in pain and temperature.

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4
Q

Function in Hematomyelia does not return?

A

False, returns in posterior and lateral columns,

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5
Q

Anterior cord syndrome is when there is damage to the front half of the spinal cord?

A

False this is when there is damage to the front two thirds of the spinal cord (includes Corticospinal and Spinothalamic tracts), preserving posterior columns.

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6
Q

Causes of Anterior cord syndrome included retrograde disc or bone fragments

A

False, ACS is caused by retropulsed disc or bone fragments and injuries resulting from compression of anterior segments like, flexion injuries.

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7
Q

Anterior cord syndrome has a loss in Muscle power, pain, temperature, and plight touch below NLI.

A

False, ACS does not affect Light touch, as well as Deep pressure and proprioception.

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8
Q

Central cord syndrome distribution occurs across equally the spinal cord

A

False, it almost exclusively occurs in the cervical region due to hyperextension with simultaneous compression of the spinal cord in more central regions.

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9
Q

Central Cord Syndrome is common in elderly patients with pre existing spondylosis/stenosis

A

True

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10
Q

Central cord syndrome is common in which population of people

A

Elderly

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11
Q

Central cord syndrome results from anterior and posterior cord compression.

A

True

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12
Q

Central Cord syndrome symptoms include ?

A

1) Motor loss UL more than LL
2) Sensory loss, more server in UL
3) Flaccid paralysis(LMN) in arms
4) Relatively Strong but sparsity(UMN) legs
5) Sacral sensation and bowel and bladder function partially spared

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13
Q

There is spasticity in UL’ IN Central Cord syndrome?

A

False, Flaccid paralysis.

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14
Q

Is Recovery possible in Central cord syndrome ?

A

Yes, occurs from legs first then bladder then UL extremity before intrinsic hand muscles.

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15
Q

What are the 2 causes of poor gait issues in posterior cord syndrome?

A

1) Difficulty is seen due to profound sensory and proprioception loss.
2) Difficulty and with coordination

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16
Q

Posterior cord syndrome is common

A

False

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17
Q

Posterior Cord syndrome is commonly found in patients with Compression injuries

A

False, Hyper-extension injuries that lead to posterior columns contusions.

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18
Q

Motor function, temperature and pain are partially affected in Posterior cord syndrome.

A

True

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19
Q

Motor function, temperature and pain are partially affected in Posterior cord syndrome.

A

True

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19
Q

Motor function, temperature and pain are partially affected in Posterior cord syndrome.

A

True

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20
Q

Signs and symptoms of Posterior cord syndrome

A

Poor coordination, Ataxia (unsteady walking), Poor proprioception, poor vibration sense, Hypotonia, Frequent falls.

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21
Q

What is the prognosis fro Posterio cord syndrome

A

Good as most patietns are able to rreatign good fucntion and mobility, including walking.

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22
Q

Signs and symptom of Posterior cord syndrome includes a Positive Romberg Signs

A

True

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23
Q

What is Brown-Sequard Syndrome?

A

It is an injury that affecters half the spinal cord, Hemi section lesion, results in paralysis and proprioception ipsilaterally and contralateral loss of pain and temperature. Generally, caused by stabs/Gunshot wounds.

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24
Q

Brown-syndrome is more common than Brown-Sequard syndrome plus.

A

False.

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25
Q

Ipsilateral symptoms of Brown-Sequard include: 2 Point discrimination.

A

True, includes, 2-point discrimination, motor loss, vibration, form perception. True, includes, 2-point discrimination, motor loss, vibration, form perception.

26
Q

Contralateral brown Sequard syndrome include: Light touch

A

True

27
Q

Ipsilateral symptoms of Brown-Sequard include: form perception:

A

False, it falls apart of Contralaterlay loss that includes, 2-point discrimination, motor loss, vibration, form perception.

27
Q

Ipsilateral symptoms of Brown-Sequard include: Proprioception:

A

True, includes, 2-point discrimination, motor loss, vibration, form perception.

28
Q

Spinal Shock occurs after spinal cord injury and remains fro about 9- 12 months.

A

False, last about 4-6 weeks (some cases 12 weeks)

29
Q

Spinal Shock sympotmsin the acute pase include: Hypotonia, increased reflexes and increased babinski reflex

A

False it deos include hypotonia, arefelxia and absent reflex

30
Q

Spinal shock after complete transaction will result in?

A

Hypotension, anhidrosis, urine retention with bladder distension

31
Q

Post spinal Shock motor signs include.

A

Muscle paralysis, muscle paralysis, clonus, increased reflexes (including positive Babinski), Spastic bowel and bladder.

32
Q

LMN symptoms occur at which level?

A

Anterior horns cells or Nerve root.

33
Q

LMN lesion symptoms seen @ level of injury include,

A

Hypotonia, Reduced reflexes, fasciculations, Muscle paralysis, Muscle Atrophy

34
Q

Spinal root lesion symptoms include:

A

Sensory loss, muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, reduced reflexes, segmental weakness, destruction of Anterior horn cells.

35
Q

C1 - C3 functional status?

A

Limited talking
C3- Limited head & Neck movement.
Ventilator needed for breathing.
Needs pressure relief care.

36
Q

C3 - C4 functional status?

A

Usually have head control
C4 = ability to shrug shoulders (Trapezius muscle controlled by CN XI, C3 & C4
Initially requires a ventilator

37
Q

C5 functional status?

A

1) Elbow flexion present (Biceps Bracchi), as well as supination
2) Head, neck and shoulder control present
3) Independently eat drink, brush teeth
4) Patient will mainly use power wheelchair though can use manual for short distances over smooth surfaces
5) Pressure relief care through side and forward leans.

38
Q

C6 functional status?

A

1) Able to extend wrist and has tendinous grip - WORK ON THIS
- grip strengthened with flexor-hinge orthotics or brace
2) May independently do bladder and bowel management
3) May be independent in household chores, transfers and pressure relief

39
Q

C7 functional Recovery ?

A

1) Have major part of Latissimus dorsi (C6, C7. C8)
2) Elbow extension strength present
3) Can perform wheelchair push ups for pressure relief
Able to assist more in transfer without transfer board

40
Q

C8 - T1 functional status?

A

C8 => Have the flexor digitorum profundus.
T1 => Have the abductor digiti minimi.
Patient have better finger use
Can live independently, feeding, grooming, oral and fascial hygiene, transferring, bladder and bowel management.

41
Q

C8 - T1 functional status?

A

C8 => Have the flexor digitorum profundus.
T1 => Have the abductor digiti minimi.
Patient have better finger use
Can live independently, feeding, grooming, oral and fascial hygiene, transferring, bladder and bowel management.

41
Q

C8 - T1 functional status?

A

C8 => Have the flexor digitorum profundus.
T1 => Have the abductor digiti minimi.
Patient have better finger use
Can live independently, feeding, grooming, oral and fascial hygiene, transferring, bladder and bowel management.

42
Q

T2- T6 functional status?

A

1) Have better trunk control than highr lesions

43
Q

T7 - T12 functional status?

A

1) Better abdominal control, thus better cough effort.
2) Able to perform unsupported seated activates.

44
Q

L1 - L5 functional status?

A

L1-L2 : backslaps or callipers with crutches for
therapeutic walking
L4-L5: independent walking with crutches and
AFO

45
Q

L4 lesion patellar tendon reflex present or absent.

A

Present

46
Q

L4 - L5 functional status patient will be able to independently walk without assistive mobility devices

A

False, need Crutches and AFO’ Gait; Wheelchair not required.

47
Q

S1 - S5 functional status?

A

Independent walking, possible loss for bladder and bowel as well as sexual function

48
Q

S1 - S5 functional status?

A

Independent walking, possible loss for bladder and bowel as well as sexual function

49
Q

L4 Myotome ?

A

Dorsiflexion

50
Q

L5 myotome?

A

Big toe extension

51
Q

S1 Myotome ?

A

Plantar felxion

52
Q

S2 Myotome ?

A

Knee flexion.

53
Q

Expected Respiratory Function for C1 or C2

A

5-10 % of normal Vital Capacity, No cough

54
Q

Expected respiratory function of C3-C6 vital capacity is 20% of normal with weak and ineffective cough

A

True

55
Q

Expected respiratory function of T2-T4 is 50-60 =% of normal VC with weak cough

A

False, VC is 30-50% of normal with weak cough.

56
Q

Expected respiratory function @ T11 have normal VC and cough is moderate.

A

False, VC is normal but cough is strong.

57
Q

Functional Gait recovery L2 - L4 need walking aid with below knee clippers.

A

True

58
Q

T10 - L2 gait pattern ?

A

4 point gait and swing through

59
Q

Is the recommended gait pattern for T8 - T10 lesions, swing to and swing through gait ?

A

True

60
Q

Is T8 - T10 walking is functional?

A

False

61
Q

Is T10 - L2 waling functional.

A

False may be functional though wheelchair is needed during part of the day.

Physiotherapy Neurology 4th year (5 decks)

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