sci midterm Flashcards

sci midterm

1
Q

How did Mendel come up with his Principles of Heredity that affected science

A

He used probability and was the first to trace a trait through generations by observing the patterns of inheritance in pea plants

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2
Q

Why does mitosis always begin with a diploid cell and end up a diploid cell

A

Daughter cells need complete set of chromosomes to be identical.

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2
Q

An experimental technique that introduces virus genes into living cells to replace an abnormal, disease-causing gene

A

Gene therapy

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3
Q

When two alleles are different, they are said to be

A

Heterozygous

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4
Q

Who is the Father of Modern Genetics

A

Gregor Mendell

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4
Q

The physical appearance of an organism is called

A

Phenotype

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5
Q

Which type of cells undergo cell division

A

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

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6
Q

A visual tool used by Geneticists to trace inheritance through generations of family members

A

Pedigree

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7
Q

When two alleles are the same, they are said to be

A

Homozygous

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8
Q

A __________________________ occurs when a group of gene pairs acts together to produce a single trait

A

Codominance

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9
Q

This kind of allele will ‘cover up” the other allele and will be shown in the phenotype

A

Dominant

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10
Q

How did Mendel use probability to make his predictions

A

He worked with large numbers of plants, so he observed his chances of seeing a repeatable pattern to make predictions through Punnett square for future generations

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11
Q

The series of events that takes place from one cell division to the next is called ______________.

A

Cell cycle

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12
Q

This kind of allele will seem to “disappear” and is only shown if to of this same allele are present

A

This kind of allele will seem to “disappear” and is only shown if to of this same allele are present

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13
Q

The genetic make-up code of an organism is called _________________.

A

Genotype

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14
Q

What do you call the use of biological and chemical means to change the arrangement of DNA for a specific purpose

A

Genetic Engineering

15
Q

The process to make body cells in which the nucleus divides to produce two identical daughter cells

16
Q

what are some of Mendel’s rules

A

When a pair of chromosome separates during meiosis, the different alleles for a trait move into separate cells, Traits are controlled by alleles on the chromosomes, and Traits are either dominant or recessive.

17
Q

The passing of traits from parent to offspring

18
Q

A genetic condition that occurs when there is extra, or few chromosomes caused by the errors during cell division

A

Chromosome disorder

19
Q

A pattern of inheritance in which more than two alleles control a specific trait

A

Multiple alleles

20
Q

A genetic disorder that is passed down to the offspring through the X and Y chromosomes

A

Sex-linked disorder

21
Q

A specific segment of a DNA molecule that holds the information that controls an organism’s form and function

22
Q

A chart used by geneticists to trace inheritance pattern through generations of family members.

23
Q

The study of how traits are inherited through the interactions of alleles

24
Q

A pattern of inheritance in which the two parent phenotypes are expressed together in the offspring since the alleles share dominance, and both alleles show up in the phenotype of the offspring

A

Codominance