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STEM-11 QUARTER 1 > SCI 1 > Flashcards

SCI 1 Flashcards

Earth Science

1
Q

Our universe began with an explosion of space itself called the

A

BIG BANG

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2
Q

the universe was once very small and very hot, and then it expanded Over time until it reached its peak (w/o may be percieved as a massive explosion for some around 13.7 billion yrs ago) considered the first age of the universe.

A

BIG BANG THEORY

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3
Q

no charge

A

neutrons

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4
Q

negative charge

A

electrons

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5
Q

positive charge

A

protons

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6
Q

Is a thermal radiation. Used in observational cosmology because it is considered the oldest light in the Universe

A

COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND

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7
Q

AFTER glow of the Big Bang

A

COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND

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8
Q

Recent measurement of the age of the universe is

A

13.82 BILLION YRS

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9
Q

According to this theory the early was a rapidly expanding bubble of universe pure vacuum energy. It did hot have any matter or radiation.

A

COSMIC INFLATION THEORY

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10
Q

not moving

A

POTENTIAL ENERGY

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11
Q

moving

A

KINETIC ENERGY

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12
Q

many puzzles that arose in the BIG BANG THEORY

A

a. Homogenety of the objects in space
b. Apperance of flatness at smoothness
c. The Formation of stars and star system in later years

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13
Q

states that the universe is always expanding it also states that the new matter is constantly Formed as the universe continues to spread

A

STEADY STATE THEORY

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14
Q

also called stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other

A

Star System

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15
Q

model used to explain the formation and evolution of the solar system

A

NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS

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16
Q

star system was Formed from a rotating cloud of gas called

A

NEBULA

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17
Q

describes the Formation of the planets as asserted in the nebular hypothesis

A

PLANETISIMAL THEORY

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18
Q

a star passed close to the sun where the tidal Force or the secondary effect of gravitational pull between the passing star and the sun drew large amount of matter out of the Sun and the Passing star.

A

TIDAL THEORY

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19
Q

4 outer planets are called

A

gas planets

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20
Q

4 inner planets are called

A

terrestrial planets

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21
Q

The
nearest
planet to the
sun

A

MERCURY

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22
Q

The hottest planet

A

VENUS

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23
Q

The only planet with living organisims

A

EARTH

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24
Q

Known
as the
red
planet
because
it is covered
with
Fine reddish
soil

A

MARS

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25
Q

Largest
planet

A

JUPITER

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26
Q

Most
beautiful
planet

A

SATURN

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27
Q

blue planet with a thin ring

A

URANUS

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28
Q

also a blue planet similar to uranus

A

NEPTUNE

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29
Q

Are small rocks
similar to the material that formed the planets. They orbit at the sun too

A

ASTEROIDS

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30
Q

most asteroids are located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter called the

A

ASTEROID BELT

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31
Q

Composed of dust and rock particles mined in with Frozen water,
methane and ammonia

A

COMETS

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32
Q

The most popular comet which takes 76 yrs to orbit the sun

A

HALLEY’S COMET

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33
Q

are small rocky Fragments OF debris Floating through space

A

METEOROIDS

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34
Q

When it hits Earth, it is called

A

METEORITE

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35
Q

When a
meteorite strikes on the surface
Of the moon or planet, a hole is Formed called a

A

CRATER

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36
Q

Are days
when the sun reaches its
Farthest destination
northern
and southern
destination

A

SOLSTICE

37
Q

occurs on December 21 or 22
and marks the beginning of
Winter, this is the shortest
day of the year.

A

Winter Solstice

38
Q

it occurs on June 21 and marks the beginning summer, this is the longest day of the year

A

Summer Solstice

39
Q

days on which day and night are equal

A

EQUINOXES

40
Q

occurs in late
March,

A

Vernal Equinox

41
Q

occurs in late September,

A

Autumnal Equinox

42
Q

which states that organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings and create a self-regulating, complex system that helps maintain the conditions necessary for life on the planet.

A

Gaia Hypothesis

43
Q

is the solid portion of Earth that includes the interior structure, rocks and minerals, landforms, down to the deep depths of the core and the processes that shape Earth’s surface.

A

geosphere

44
Q

Scientists that study this part of Earth are called

A

GEOLOGISTS

45
Q

covers only Earth’s crustal part and upper mantle.

A

lithosphere

46
Q

discontinuity-between
upper & lower crust

A

Conorod

47
Q

discontinuity- between lower crust & upper mantle

A

Mohorovicc

48
Q

discontinuity- between upper & lower Mantle

A

Repiti

49
Q

discontinuity-
between lower
Mantle & outer Core

A

Guttenberg

50
Q

discontinuity
-between outer & inner core

A

Lehmann

51
Q

Three Main Layers of the Earth

A

a. crust
b. mantle
c. core

52
Q

two types of waves traveling through Earth

A

a. p waves
b. s waves

53
Q

which
travel fast through both solids and liquids

A

p waves

54
Q

which slowly travel only through solids.

A

s waves

55
Q

Seismologists and volcanologists study the components of Earth through

A

seismic waves

56
Q

Most of the crust is composed of elements that include

A

oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium

57
Q

made of solid rock.

A

MANTLE

58
Q

At the upper part of the mantle directly
below the crust is the

A

asthenosphere

59
Q

rocks embedded with another rock

A

xenoliths

60
Q

made up of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni)

A

CORE

61
Q

iron in liquid form

A

outer core

62
Q

iron in solid form

A

inner core

63
Q

it is the primary source of earth’s magnetic field

A

iron

64
Q

It is the total amount of water found on Earth

A

Hydrosphere

65
Q

Energy from the sun heats up the surface of the Earth, causing the temperature of the water in our rivers, lakes and oceans to rise

A

Evaporation

66
Q

Plants and trees also lose water to the atmosphere through their leaves. This process is known as

A

transpiration

67
Q

As water vapor rises up high into the sky, it cools and turns back into a liquid, forming
clouds

A

Condensation

68
Q

When too much water has condensed, the water droplets in the clouds become
Precipitation
too big and heavy for the air to hold them. And so they fall back down to Earth
as rain, snow, hail or sleet, a process known as

A

precipitation

69
Q

is found on Earth’s surface

A

Surface water

70
Q

found below the ground.

A

groundwater

71
Q

has higher salt content and is found in larger bodies of water such as oceans,seas,bays and gulfs.

A

Salt water

72
Q

found in lakes.rivers.streams.springs and
falls.Because of its lower salt content

A

Fresh water

73
Q

Water that reaches land directly may flow across the ground and collect in the oceans, rivers or lakes. This water is called

A

surface run-off

74
Q

is
the blanket of gases or vapors
that
surrounds the earth, and held together by the force of gravity

A

atmosphere

75
Q

are present in different concentrations at different places and times.

A

Variable gases

76
Q

are the ones, whose concentrations do not change over time, and their concentrations almost remain same.

A

Constant gases

77
Q

There are two types of atmospheric structures such as

A

a. Thermal structure
b. Magneto-electronic structure.

78
Q

Chronical order of the layers of atmosphere

A

a. TROPOSPHERE
b. STRATOSPHERE
c. MESOSPHERE
d. THERMOSPHERE
e. EXOSPHERE

79
Q

Bottom layer of the atmosphere

A

TROPOSPHERE

80
Q

lid over the troposphere, where temperature stops decreasing with height

A

Tropopause

81
Q

Second lowest layer of atmosphere. Very little weather occurs

A

STRATOSPHERE

82
Q

Where the temperature reaches a maximum of 10°C

A

Stratopause

83
Q

The coldest temperatures in Earth’s atmosphere occur at the top of this layer

A

mesopause

84
Q

The stratosphere and mesosphere together are sometimes referred to as the

A

middle atmosphere

85
Q

a layer
extending from approximately 30 to 50 miles (50 to 85 km)
above the surface

A

MESOSPHERE

86
Q

is located above 80 km from earth

A

THERMOSPHERE

87
Q

is the most region
distant atmospheric from Earth’s surface

A

EXOSPHERE

88
Q

is considered an open system when it comes to the transfer of energy and a closed system when it comes to matter that make up all living components of Earth.In this system,an organism can consume another organism to allow energy to transfer to other orders of consumers in the ecosystem.Life exist in all the subsystems of Earth-on land (geosphere).in water (hydrosphere) and in the air (atmosphere)

A

BIOSPHERE

STEM-11 QUARTER 1 (8 decks)

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