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opath 5 > Schwartz Feb 3rd > Flashcards

Schwartz Feb 3rd Flashcards

1
Q

waht are the approaches to any pathological lesion

A
  1. establish dd

with blood tests

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2
Q

TF

blood tests are rarely diagnostic

A

true

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3
Q

if you use blood test, which two things do you screen for

A

parathyroid hormone level

prostate specific antigen (PSA)

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4
Q

what markers of bone metabolism may be diagnosis

A

calcium

phosphours

alkaline phosphatase

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5
Q

waht immunological biomarkers are elevated in cancer

A

HPV

CEA

EVB

AFP

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6
Q

what are standard x ray and ct best for

A

bone pathlogy

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7
Q

CT is best for

A

soft tissue structures

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8
Q

3D CT good for

A

neurofibromatosis - benign disease a neurofibroma

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9
Q

contrast studies

inject a radioopaque dye into a body cavity and is injected into ______

A

blood vessel [most common]

salivary duct

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10
Q

why do you want to inject dye into the BV

A

outline

diagnosis

BVs

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11
Q

whartons duct is attached to waht salivary gland

A

submandibular gland

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12
Q

what general approach to any pathological lesion waht types of imaging are used

A

CT angiography

contrast imaging

MRI

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13
Q

what is MRI best used for

A

soft tissue pathology

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14
Q

TF

MRI shows bone marrow BUT NOT good for bone detail

A

true

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15
Q

waht are the 3 types of MRI

A

T1 weighted scan

T2 weigthed scan

Contrast MRI

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16
Q

which of the 3 MRI scans are the standard scan

A

T1 weigthed scan

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17
Q

which MRI scan is used for fluid contrast like CSF fluid

A

T2 weighted scan

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18
Q

for contrast MRI ____ is used to inject IV

and

increases vascular contrast

A

gadolinium

allows us to highlight brain tumors [helps stands out]

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19
Q

TF

tumors tend to have a higher vascular flow

A

true

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20
Q

what are the 3 types of scan?

A

PET

bone scan

White blood cell scans

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21
Q

TF

scan are non specific you inject the pt with a pharamceutical and wait to be taken up by the body and some tissues are going to uptake more than others

A

true

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22
Q

where does tracer uptake in areas of increased metabolic activity

A

tumors

infection

active growth

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23
Q

what OFFICE PROCEDURE that may be preferable to open biopsy

A

fine needle aspriation

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24
Q

fine needle aspiration

A
  1. withdraw some blood
  2. cells smeraed on glass slide
  3. cytologist [pap smear]
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25
Q

TF

very rarely does fine needle aspiration have a diagnosis

  1. can tell the difference bt benign and malignant
A

true

true

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26
Q

TF

using fine needle aspriation can determine bt the cysts and solid

A

true

cyst [syringe filled with cyst fluid]

if tumor [will not fill the syringe]

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27
Q

what do you need to do to get a definative diagnosis

A

biopsy

then TREATMENT PLAN

28
Q
  1. what biopsy takes a rim around the biopsy
  2. if its a benign lesion you can take a diagnosis and biopsy at the same time
A

excisional biopsy

29
Q

what lesions are huge and require waht type of biopsy

A

incisional biopsy

30
Q

what lesion involves the entire tongue that you would use an incisional biopsy

A

verrucous vulgara

31
Q

this biopsy done RARELY on some face

some exophytic lesions can be done with this

A

shave biopsy - amputate the surface

if require extensive treatment you can go back in there

32
Q

what biopsy is rapid

little scarring

and no sutures

A

shave biopsy

33
Q

unique to the jaw are ____ bc only seen with jaw bones

A

odonotogenic lesions

34
Q

tumore like diseases aka metabolic bone disease of the

jaw

A

fibrous dysplasia

pagets disease

…

…

35
Q

most common benign jaw lesion

A

cysts

36
Q

what factors do you consider when planning treatment of cyst

A

size

location

aggressiveness

need for reconstruction

37
Q

lower mandible

thinning of the mandible [patholgical fracture, fracture that impacts normal function]

impacts the teeth [if removed the pt would lose lots of teeth]

impacts the inferior alveolar nerve

A

cyst

38
Q

what is the gold standard of treatment jaw cyst

A

enucleation

39
Q

since most since are encircled by fibrous capsule

and not true cyst tissue it allows for removal around the fibrous capsule for removal

TF

A

true

40
Q

what is enucleation

A

removal of a cyst in a single piece

but depends on …

41
Q

like incisonal biopsy could diagnosis and biopsy at the same time

and can biopsy the entire lesion

is waht

A

enucleation

42
Q

what location would make enucleation difficult for removal

A

posterior part of the maxilla

43
Q

curretage

A

cutting instrument to remove tissue

BEYONd borders of the cyst

44
Q

currettage is good for

and bad for

A
  1. good:
    - decrease risk of recurrence with odontogenic keratosis
    - recurrent cysts
  2. bad:

increase

45
Q

marsupilization

A

creating a connection bt two body cavities:

surgical window bt

cyst and adjacent body cavity

46
Q

adjacent body cavity

A

oral cavity

maxillary sinus

nasal cavity

47
Q

indications for marsupilization

A
  1. prevent:

injury to adj sturctures

devitalization of teeth

  1. assit:

eruption of teeth

  1. difficul to surgical access
  2. risk of pathologic fracture
  3. medically compromised pt : short surgical procedure under LA
48
Q

TF can marsupulization be combo with enucleation

A

true

49
Q

for marsupilization you MUST have a reliable pt

A

true

50
Q

cyst going in the tumor walls

A

unicystic ameloblastoma

51
Q

waht is a fluid filled benign tumor

A

cyst

52
Q

treatment of choice for most jaw and has a FIBROUS CAPUSULE for tumors

A

enuceltion MUST BE fibrous capusule bc some tumors can erode into the bone and not good for enucleation

53
Q

waht is the mechnaical removal of tumor

and

is when you dont have a tumor with fibrous capsule

A

curettage

54
Q

most simple resection

A

segmental resection

55
Q

segmental resection

A
  1. removal of geometic piece of tissue

including tumor AND surrouding boen and soft tissues

56
Q

TF segmental resection is appropriate for aggresive tumor

A

true

57
Q

in the case of a tumor invloving the alveolar process of the mandible is called _____

A

marginal resection

leave a margin of the lower border and jaw retains integrity

58
Q

TF can do marginal resection and not numb the pt by not cutting into the inferior alveoalr nerve

A

true

59
Q

when you cant leave the lower border intact waht is the type of resection

A

partial resection

60
Q

partial resection

appropriate for __ tumore

requires ___

A

large tumors

reconstruction

61
Q

removal of tumor along with a porton of the jaw

as to leave a gap

A

partial resection

62
Q

treatment of soft tissue lesions

A

simple surgical excision

63
Q

viral lesions may be managed with ____ or ___

A

chemcials

heat

64
Q

why dont we want to use surgical excison to treat soft tissue lesions taht are virallly induced

A

can spread the virus

65
Q

vascualr lesions can be managed with 3 things

A

embolization

laser coagulation

camouflage

66
Q
A

opath 5 (7 decks)

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