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Everything you would want to know about bone > Schricker > Flashcards

Schricker Flashcards

There are some specifics to OPG and RANKL that were left out of these flash cards.

1
Q

What does the mineral content in bone and teeth provide?

A

Stiffness and Hardness

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2
Q

Besides Stiffness and Hardness, what is the other function of bone?

A

Serves as a calcium reservior

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3
Q

What is bone composed of?

A

Collagen and Hydroxyapetite (50 to 60 percent)

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4
Q

What is the composition of the tooth

A

Enamel: Amelogenin matrix and 90% Hydroxyapetite
Dentin: Collagen matrix and 67% Hydroxyapetite

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5
Q

Describe the composite structure of bone and why it is advantageous for the bone to be a composite.

A

Composites can combine the best of 2 materials
These two structures are Collagen and HA
Collagen is tough but not strong
HA is strong but not tough AKA Brittle
Together (as a composite) they are both tough and strong

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6
Q

Bone has a (Blank) mineral content than teeth.

A

Lower

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7
Q

(Blank) is maintained while (Blank) is not maintained.

A

Bone

Teeth

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8
Q

In regards to healing what are the properties of:
Bone
Enamel
Dentin

A

Bone: can heal
Enamel: Cannot heal but can remineralize
Dentin: Can heal in a limited capacity

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9
Q

Bone is (Blank)

A

Vascularized

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10
Q

During the mineralization of bone what is the role of the osteoblasts?

A

Excrete Matrix Proteins

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11
Q

What agent can block mineralization and what enzyme degrades the agent?

A

Pyrophosphate blocks mineralization and Alkaline Phosphatase Degrades Pyrophospate

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12
Q

What are the big three factors that influence the balance in bone remodeling?

A

Hormones
Serum Calcium
Cytokines (InterLeukins, and Tumor Necrosis Factors)

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13
Q

These agents Promote resorption

A 
Parathyroid Hormone
Parathyroid Hormone related proteins
Prostaglandin
Interleukin (IL) 1, IL 6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)
Prolactin
Corticosteroids
Vitamin D
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14
Q

These Factors inhibit the resorption of bone.

A 
Calcium
Estrogens 
Calcitonin
Tumor Growth Factor BETA
IL 17
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15
Q

Osteoblasts do what?

A

Build bone

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16
Q

Osteoclasts do what?

A

Destroy bone

17
Q

What are the cell lineages of osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

A

osteoBlasts: mesenchymal stem cells
osteoClasts: Hematopoietic stem cells

18
Q

OPG leads to what?

A

Osteoperosis (holes in bone)

19
Q

RANKL leads to what?

A

Bone thickening

20
Q

What percentage of calcium is mineralized?

A

99% remainder is bound or in ionic form

21
Q

What is the total serum calcium?

A

2.2 to 2.6 mmol/L

22
Q

Percentage breakdown of SERUM CALCIUM

A

Ionized 50%
Protein bound (albumin) 40%
Citrate or Phosphate bound 10%

23
Q

What is used most often to measure serum calcium?

A

Ionic calcium levels

24
Q

Primary regulator of calcium levels

A

parathyroid hormone (Parathyroid gland)
Triggers an increase in serum calcium
Stimulated by low plasma calcium

25
Q

What are the calcium sensing receptors?

A

Found on several cell types
Parathyroid Gland: Parathyroid Hormone
Thyroid C Cells: Calcitonin
Kidney Tubules: Regulates Calcium Excretion

26
Q

Minor hormones that regulate calcium

A

Calcitonin inhibits Bone Resorption
32 Amino Acid Protein Produced by C Cells
Other hormones
~Thyroid Hormone
~Estrogen and Testosterone
~Insulin Like Growth Factors (IGF 1 and IGF 2)

27
Q

Where is Calcium absorbed?

A

Small Intestine

28
Q

Regulation of Small intesting absorbtion

A

Active Transport Regulated by Vitamin D

Transport based on Relative serum/gut levels

29
Q

Where is Calcium excreted?

A

Urine and Feces

30
Q

Regulation and regulation site for excretion?

A

Parathyroid Hormone at the Kidneys

Small Intestine govern the Large Intestine

31
Q

Vitamin D

A

Increases serum calcium
Increases gut absorption of calcium
Increase bone adsorption

32
Q

Vitamin D Synthesis

A

Precursor synthesized in skin
Stored in Liver
Converted to active form in kidney
1 alpha hydroxylase is point of regulation

33
Q

1 alpha hydroxylase stimulation

A

Parathyroid hormone
low calcium
low vitamin D
Calcitonin

34
Q

1 alpha hydroxylase Inhibition

A

Low PTH
High Serum Calcium
High Vitamin D
24 Hydroxylase can inactivate Liver Precursor, 25 hydroxycholecalciferol

Everything you would want to know about bone (1 decks)

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