Schools Flashcards
What was the Academy and who founded it?
The Academy was founded by Plato in 387 BCE as an institution of higher learning.
Who studied at the Academy for 20 years and later founded the Lyceum?
Aristotle studied at the Academy and founded the Lyceum in 335 BCE.
What are the four major Greek philosophical schools?
- Cynicism
- Skepticism
- Epicureanism
- Stoicism
Who are the main figures associated with Cynicism?
- Antisthenes
- Diogenes the Cynic
- Crates of Thebes
- Hipparchia of Maroneia
What is a key belief of Cynicism?
Importance of asceticism and rejection of materialism.
What does Diogenes say happiness is?
Happiness is virtue, meaning living in accordance with human nature.
What does Cynicism reject?
- Social conventions
- Values
- Civilization
- Wealth
- Fame
- Honor
What is the good life according to Cynicism?
Life attained through self-sufficiency and independence from external circumstances.
What does the term ‘Skeptikos’ mean in Greek?
Investigation.
Who are notable figures in Skepticism?
- Sophists
- Pyrrho
What characterizes Skepticism?
Systematic doubt and suspension of judgment (epochè).
What are the three modes of skeptic philosophizing?
- Ephetic
- Zetetic
- Aporetic
What does abstaining from judgment in Skepticism prevent?
Unhappiness.
What is ‘ataraxia’ in Skepticism?
A state of indifference and tranquility.
What is a key principle of Epicureanism?
Not about unbridled hedonism or pursuit of material pleasure.
Who founded Epicureanism and when?
Epicurus founded it around 341-270 BCE.
What is the highest pleasure according to Epicureanism?
Mental painless (ataraxia): getting rid of our fears.
What does Stoicism emphasize about the world?
The world is composed of passive matter and active divine reason (pneuma).
Who founded Stoicism and when?
Zeno of Citium founded Stoicism around 300 BCE.
What is virtue according to Stoicism?
Self-control, philosophy, and accepting your place in the universe.
What does Stoicism teach about bad events?
Things that appear as bad serve the purpose of a higher ordered good.
Fill in the blank: The highest pleasure in Epicureanism is _______.
[mental painless (ataraxia)]
True or False: The good life in Epicureanism is characterized by the pursuit of material pleasures.
False
