school psych week 1

Question 1

what are the populations school psychs deal with?

Answer 1

Individuals
Families
Teachers, parents, and other adults
Organizations

Question 2

what are individual populations?

Answer 2

Individuals who at birth, or during childhood or adolescence have learning, or cognitive difficulties, or socio-emotional disorders that interfere negatively with learning as well as their behavior

Question 3

what are family populations?

Answer 3

Families seeking diagnostic evaluations or interventions for the above mentioned difficulties regarding their children

Question 4

what are teacher populations?

Answer 4

Teachers, parents, and other adults with the aim of improving children’s ability to develop healthy relationships and form settings that enhance learning and development

Question 5

what are organization populations?

Answer 5

Organizations that contribute to the formation of appropriate environment regarding learning and socio-emotional and cognitive development

Question 6

what happened in 1879?

Answer 6

establishment of the 1st laboratory in Psychology by Wundt-Beginning of applied psychology

Question 7

what happened in 1884?

Answer 7

Establishment of the 1st psychometric laboratory by Galton in Great Britain – study of psychological differences in students through psychometrics and statistical methods

Question 8

what educational reforms took place in england?

Answer 8

Educational reforms in Great Britain e.g. Warnock Report (1978) and Education Act (1981) which promote the right of all children in education in mainstream schools. The role of school psychologists is concentrated to children’s psychological assessment in collaboration with teachers

Question 9

what educational reforms took place in france?

Answer 9

1. Implementation of an intervention program concerning early diagnosis of learning difficulties in students- Construction of the intelligence scale Binet in 1911.
2. Conferences of Sevres-1949 and Grenoble-1950:
3. Determined professional activities and duties of School Psychologists in France

Question 10

what educational reforms took place in USA?

Answer 10

1. Establishment of the School Psychology unit in 1946 in the American Psychological Association (Division 16).
2. 1960-1970: APA established the criteria for the recognition of the School Psychology specialization at the doctoral level.
3. 1970-1980: The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) was founded

Question 11

what are the factors that have influenced school psych?

Answer 11

Specific historical events
Warnock report
Piaget work

Question 12

what are the Specific historical events that influenced school psych?

Answer 12

1. The establishment of education as compulsory in 1870 and educational
2. reforms in the 19th century such as the provision of education without any charges.
3. Study of developmental milestones in Europe.
4. Development of psychometric techniques.
5. Outlines of Psychology (1884) by Sully: Relation between Psychology and Education.
6. 1920 – First scientific studies were concentrated to the screening of children having cognitive and behavioral difficulties.
7. Establishment of British Child Study Association

Question 13

what is the Warnock Report and how did it influence school psych?

Answer 13

The report of the Warnock Committee “Special Educational Needs,” published in 1978, provided the first comprehensive review of special educational needs (SEN) in England and the basis for subsequent legislation, from the Education Act 1981 to the recent Children and Families Act 2014

Question 14

how did Piaget’s work influence school psych?

Answer 14

Application of psychological theories in special education as well as the adaptation of all students in the school setting and not only those who have to deal with serious learning emotional and behavioural difficulties

Question 15

what are the different comparative fields to school psych?

Answer 15

educational
clinical
counselling

Question 16

what are the differences between school psych and educational psych?

Answer 16

Educational
1. It is not an applied professional branch of psychology
2. Researches and develops theories about
3. Learning and the learning process
4. Teaching approaches
5. School performance
6. Learning motivations
7. Learning environment
8. In Britain & Cyprus educational psychology is used to denote the applied specialty of school psychology

Question 17

what are the differences between school psych and Clinical psych?

Answer 17

for hardcore issues
the psychological specialty that provides continuing and comprehensive mental and behavioural health care for individuals, couples, families, and groups
one that addresses a wide range of mental and behavioural health problems

Question 18

what are the differences between school psych and Counselling psych?

Answer 18

for milder issues
a generalist health service (HSP) specialty in professional psychology that uses a broad range of culturally-informed and culturally-sensitive practices to help people improve their well-being, prevent and alleviate distress and maladjustment, resolve crises, and increase their ability to function better in their lives

Question 19

how many prevention tiers are there?

Answer 19

tier 1
tier 2
tier 3

Question 20

what is tier 1?

Answer 20

School wide academic/social support for all students

Question 21

what is tier 2?

Answer 21

Small group/targeted populations that are high risk for developing problems receive targeted mental health support

Question 22

what is tier 3?

Answer 22

Intensified support targeted at one individual

Question 23

what are the roles of a school psych?

Answer 23

Assess
Consultation
Intervention
Training
Evaluating

Question 24

what is assessment?

Answer 24

1. Psychological/Psychoeducational assessment in preschool/primary school children and adolescents
2. clinical observation, interview, and administration of psychometric tests are used

Question 25

what is the main purpose of assessment?

Answer 25

a. Identify children’s cognitive and learning abilities and difficulties
b. Screening of children/adolescents for special education programmes or special educational arrangements
c. Planning/evaluation of interventions
d. Identification of causes that trigger emotional and behavioural difficulties
e. Organization/implementation of prevention psychoeducational programs

Question 26

what does assessment look at?

Answer 26

a. Assessment of cognitive abilities.
b. Personality assessment
c. Social skills
d. Learning performance in school setting
e. Professional interests
f. Values
g. Special skills

Question 27

what is Consultation?

Answer 27

implicit consulting services to teachers, parents, other professionals, and agencies

Question 28

what is the main purpose of consultation?

Answer 28

a. Support in dealing with the client’s problems
b. Collaborate with consultants on design and implementation of intervention programs
c. Providing psychoeducation to the counselee, in order to better understand the nature of their child or student difficulties, in consequence it would be easier for them to support them more efficiently.
d. Developing skills in order to respond more effectively to children/adolescent difficulties.
e. Strengthening the cooperation between the contracting parties

Question 29

what is intervention?

Answer 29

Design and implementation of psychoeducational prevention programs of primary, secondary, and tertiary level

Question 30

what is the main purpose of interventions?

Answer 30

They are carried out, in order to improve children’s and adolescents’ adaptation in the school setting, as well as to prevent and promote mental health

Question 31

what is training?

Answer 31

Education, training and awareness of individuals or groups on topics such as a. Learning
b. Psychosocial adjustment
c. Other special topics

Question 32

what is evaluation?

Answer 32

Planning, implementation, coordination, and assessment of psychoeducational programs (concerning primary and secondary level prevention) regarding
a. Learning
b. Psychosocial adaptation and functionality.
c. Crisis management
d. Organizational and administrative changes at the system level

Question 33

Assessment concerning psychoeducational program reliability and validity

Answer 33

a. Organization, planning and carrying out epidemiological investigations that fall within school psychologists training and expertise.
b. Adopting the scientist-practitioner model, in order to combine theoretical knowledge and research with professional practice

Question 34

what is reliability?

Answer 34

the trustworthiness or consistency of a measure, that is, the degree to which a test or other measurement instrument is free of random error, yielding the same results across multiple applications to the same sample. See alternate-forms reliability; internal consistency; reliability coefficient; retest reliability

Question 35

what is validity?

Answer 35

the degree to which empirical evidence and theoretical rationales support the adequacy and appropriateness of conclusions drawn from some form of assessment. Validity has multiple forms, depending on the research question and on the particular type of inference being made. For example, the three major types of test validity are criterion validity, based on correlation with an accepted standard; construct validity, based on the conceptual variable underlying a test; and content validity, based on the subject matter of a test. Other forms of validity prominent in the social sciences include ecological validity, external validity, internal validity, and statistical conclusion validity

Question 36

what are the Characteristics of school psychologists?

Answer 36

Numerical data
1. 100,000 School Psychologists worldwide.
2. 57.000 School Psychologists in United States of America (2022)
Services
1. Consultation, intervention, and assessment
Gender
1. Mostly women
Education/Training
1. The majority of school psychologists are holders of master’s degrees