Schizophrenia: Psychological Explanations - Cognitive Explanation

Question 1

When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure:

__________/Explain/Feeling/Symptom

Answer 1

Name

Question 2

When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure:

Name/____________/Feeling/Symptom

Answer 2

Explain

Question 3

When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure:

Name/Explain/__________/Symptom

Answer 3

Feeling

Question 4

When answering questions on psychological explanations you need to follow this structure:

Name/Explain/Feeling/__________

Answer 4

Symptom

Question 5

What is the main focus of the cognitive explanations of schizophrenia

Answer 5

It focuses on the role of internal mental processes.

Question 6

Schizophrenia is characterised by disruption to what?

Answer 6

normal thought processing

Question 7

Schizophrenia is characterised by disruption to normal thought processing. Frith et al (1992) identified two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing that could trigger some symptoms.

Question 8

Who identified two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing that could trigger schizophrenic ymptoms.

Answer 8

Frith et al (1992)

Question 9

What did Frith et al (1992) say the two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing could do?

Answer 9

Trigger schizophrenic symptoms.

Question 10

Frith et al (1992) identified two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing that could trigger some symptoms. What are they?

Answer 10

Meta-representation and central control.

Question 11

Meta-representation and _________ control are two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing as identified by Frith et al (1992) that could Trigger schizophrenic symptoms.

Answer 11

central

Question 12

__________-representation and central control are two kinds of dysfunctional thought processing as identified by Frith et al (1992) that could trigger schizophrenic symptoms.

Answer 12

Meta

Question 13

Metarepresentation is the _______ ability to reflect on ________ and behaviour.

Answer 13

cognitive

thoughts

Question 14

What does metarepresentation allow us to do?

Answer 14

It allows us to understand our actions and the actions of others.

Question 15

Which type of thought processing allows us to understand our actions and the actions of others?

Answer 15

metarepresentation

Question 16

Metarepresentation is the cognitive ability to reflect on what?

Answer 16

thoughts and behaviour

Question 17

What can dysfunction in metarepresentation do?

Answer 17

Disrupts our ability to recognise our own actions and thoughts as being carried out by ourselves or others.

Question 18

Dysfunction in metarepresentation disrupts our ability to recognise our own actions and thoughts as being carried out by ourselves or…

Answer 18

others.

Question 19

Dysfunction in metarepresentation could explain which positive symptoms of auditory hallucinations

Answer 19

Auditory hallucinations

Question 20

What does a person with dysfunction in metarepresentation not able to do?

Answer 20

An individual may not understand that the voice in their head is their own voice and not somebody else’s.

Question 21

Central control is the cognitive ability to ___________ automatic responses whilst performing a __________ action instead.

Answer 21

suppress

deliberate

Question 22

What 2 things are you able to do if you have a functional central control l?

Answer 22

1. you can suppress (withhold) automatic responses
2. you can perform a deliberate action.

Question 23

Dysfunction in central control could explain _________ poverty and ________ disorder.

Answer 23

Speech

thought

Question 24

How does dysfunction in central control explain speech poverty and thought disorder?

Answer 24

individuals are not able to suppress automatic thoughts and speech.

Question 25

What is disrupted spoken sentences, known as?

Answer 25

derailment

Question 26

What is derailment?

Answer 26

This is where the individual’s speech is disrupted as the spoken words trigger other associations and the person cannot suppress the action.

Question 27

Derailment is where the individual’s speech is disrupted as the spoken words trigger other _________ and the person cannot suppress the action.

Answer 27

associations suppress

Question 28

AO3: RTS dysfunctional thought processing (central control) was conducted by Stirling et al (2006). Briefly describe the procedure. Thus, supporting Frith’s theory of central control dysfunction as an explanation of schizophrenia.

Answer 28

They compared 30 patients with schizophrenia with 18 non-patient controls on a range of cognitive tasks such as the Stroop Test. Participants had to accurately name the ink colour of the colour word printed.

Question 29

AO3: RTS dysfunctional thought processing (central control) was conducted by Stirling et al (2006). Briefly describe the findings of the sudy

Answer 29

1; Schizophrenia patients took over twice as long to complete the task as the control group,

Question 30

AO3: Stirling et al (2006) found that individuals with schizophrenia took twice as long to complete the cognitive tasks as the control group, Why?

Answer 30

Because individuals with schizophrenia could not suppress their automatic response of saying the word rather than the colour.

Question 31

AO3: Practical application What is the theory used to explain the development of schizophrenia?

Answer 31

that schizophrenia is caused by disruptive thoughts

Question 32

AO3: Practical application With the knowledge that schizophrenia is caused by disruptive thoughts led to what real-world application?

Answer 32

It led to the treatment of cognitive behavioural therapy.

Question 33

Why s cognitive behavioural therapy effective in treating schizophrenia

Answer 33

It can help reduce delusions.

Question 34

Central control is the cognitive ability to ___________ automatic responses whilst performing a deliberate action instead.

Answer 34

suppress