Schizophrenia - Classification & Diagnosis Flashcards
What is paranoid schizophrenia?
Delusions, particularly persecutory.
Hallucinations
Highly suspicious and argumentative
Define schizophrenia.
‘Split mind’; loss of contact with reality; disturbances of thought process and emotion/behaviour
What is the DSM?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - used for the diagnosis of abnormalities
Define avolition.
Inability to persist in goal directed behaviour
What is undifferentiated schizophrenia?
Criterion A symptoms
No paranoid, disorganised or catatonic type
Define echopraxia
Repetition of gestures made by others
Distinguish between primary and secondary impairments
Primary - intrinsic to the disorder e.g. Hallucinations
Secondary - the results of primary impairments e.g. Institutionalisation (social) and loss of motivation (psychological)
What are the issues of reliability in diagnosing schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is defined differently by the ICD and DSM. Inter rather reliability is therefore more difficult to achieve (0.11). There is also little consistency over years
What is meant by positive symptoms? Give two examples.
Excess distortion of a normal function such as the following:
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disordered thinking
Define affective flattening.
Reduction in the range and intensity of emotional expression, including facial expression, voice tone, eye contact and body language
Define echolalia
Repetition of words or phrases
What are the issues of validity when diagnosing schizophrenia?
Cultural bias - it cannot be accurately diagnosed in all cultures.
Predictive validity - low due to the fact that not all patients respond to treatment and co-morbidity
What is catatonic schizophrenia?
Long periods of immobility
Uncontrollable motor movement and echolalia/echopraxia
What is residual schizophrenia?
Absence of prominent delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech or catatonic behaviour
What is meant by negative symptoms? Give two examples.
A loss of normal functions such as any of the following: Lack of energy Catatonic behaviour Affective flattening Alogia Social dysfunction Avolition
