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ClinMed2: Psych > Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders > Flashcards

Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

what are positive psychosis symptoms

A

new or added symptoms to the patient
ex. hallucinations, delusion or disorganized speech

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2
Q

what are the stages or phases of psychotic disorders?

A

prodromal
Acute (active) - most visible stage
Residual (Recovery) - not recognized by DSM-5

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3
Q

what are the Four D’s of psychosis

A

Deviance from cultural or societal norms
Disruption or Dysfunction of an individuals life
Personal Distress
Danger to oneself or others

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4
Q

what are delusions

A

fixed beliefs that may be false or irrational
a false belief that persists despite evidence to the contrary
categorized based on content of the belief

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5
Q

what are the different types of delusions (10)

A

Persecutory
paranoid
reference
control
somatic
Grandiose
nihilistic
romantic
jealous
delusions of doubles

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6
Q

what are persecutory delusions

A

being threatened, mistreated, or harmed. form of paranoia

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7
Q

what is paranoid delusions

A

someone or somethng is out to get the person

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8
Q

what if reference delusions

A

messages to the person embedded in media

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9
Q

what are control delusions

A

others are tying to control thoughts and behaviors

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10
Q

what are somatic delusions

A

belief that there is something wrong with body (bugs, odor, ugly)

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11
Q

what are Grandiose delusions

A

special powers, wealth, mission, identiy

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12
Q

what are Nihilistic delusions

A

delusions of being dead, not existing, losing body or organs

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13
Q

what are romantic delusions

A

aka erotomania
belief that they are loved from afar

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14
Q

what are jealous delusions

A

certain that partners have been unfaithful

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15
Q

what are delusions of doubles

A

aka Capgras syndrome
someone important to the patient has been replaced by an identical duplicate/imposter

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16
Q

what is capgras syndrome

A

another name for delusions of double

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17
Q

what are hallucinations

A

perceptions in the absence of external stimuli
patient may or may not be aware
different types (auditory, visual and tactile,etc)

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18
Q

what are the different types of hallucinations

A

auditory
visual
olfactory
gustatory
tactile
somatic

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19
Q

what is thought disorder

A

thinking process impairments - general thinking process, language, speech or communications
several different types of disordered thinking can lead to disorganized speech or writing

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20
Q

what are negative symptoms

A

emotional and behavioral deficits
indicative of the loss of normal mental functions
examples: apathy or anhedonia, diminished affect, social withdrawal, poverty of speech

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21
Q

what are cognitive symptoms

A

impairment or change in cognitive function
patients may experience more than one concurrently
ex. executive dysfunction, memory and attention problems

22
Q

what are the two major categories of negative symptoms

A

diminished emotional expression and diminished volition

23
Q

what are concurrent Mood symptoms

A

comorbid disorders can cause overlap of symptoms
overtime psychotic symptoms pattern may change in relation to mood symptoms
ex. depression, anxiety, demoralization, suicide

24
Q

what are first-generation psychotics

A

useful in positive symptom treatment
Phenothiazine (chlopromazine)
Thioxanthenes (thothixene)
Haloperidol

25
Q

what are second-generation antipsychotics

A

useful in positive and negative symptoms treatment

clozapine, risperidone, aripiprazole (abilify), olanzapine, quetiapine(seroquel)

26
Q

what are the common side effects of antipsychotics

A

anticholinergic SE
autonomic side effects - BP, tremor
electrocardiographic changes
involuntary movement disorders
metabolic and endocrine effects

27
Q

when are acute dystonia effects seen after antipsychotic medication start

A

hours to days

28
Q

when is akathesia effects seen after starting an antipsychotic medication is started

A

days

29
Q

when is Parkinsonism effects typically seen after starting an antipsychotic medication

A

weeks to months

30
Q

when are tardive dyskinesia effects typically seen after starting an antipsychotic medication

A

months

31
Q

what does ECT treat

A

catatonia, schizophrenia and MDD

32
Q

what is schizophrenia

A

characterized by “loss of contact with reality”

33
Q

what are the different schizophrenic disorders

A

brief psychotic disorder
schizophreniform disorder
schizophrenia
schizoaffective disorder
delusional disorder

34
Q

how are the schizophrenia disorders differentiated

A

by duration and types of psychotic symptoms and the presence or absence of concurrent mood symptoms

35
Q

when is schizophrenia usually diagnosed

A

men: 18-25 years old
Women: 25 to mid-30s and after age of 40 years
children (early presentation; rare)

36
Q

what are risks of schizophrenia

A

biopsychosocial influences (genetic, perinatal, neuroanatomic, neurochemical, other biologic abnormalities)
psychological factors
socio-environmental factors
increased paternal age
brain and neurotransmitter abnormalities

37
Q

what are the theories of schizophrenia

A

abnormalities in neurotransmission - excess or deficiency of specific neurotransmitters
neurochemical imbalance
abnormalities affecting brain tissue or structure

38
Q

what are the sings and symptoms of schizophrenia

A

at least 6 months
onset may be abrupt or insidious
symptoms (continuous or intermittent)
- positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech
- negative symptoms (diminished sociability, restricted affect, poverty of speech)

39
Q

what is the most likely imbalance in schizophrenia

A

dopamine
either excess or decrease and abnormalities at receptor sites

40
Q

how is schizophrenia diagnosed

A

psychiatric interview and use of diagnostic criteria
no specific lab tests
DSM-5 criteria

41
Q

what are the subtypes of schizophrenia

A

paranoid type
disorganized type
catatonic
undifferentiated type
residual type

42
Q

what is the treatment for schizophrenia

A

goal is to optimize function, prevent suicide and manage complications
psychosocial treatment and antipsychotic medications

43
Q

what are adjective treatments for schizophrenia

A

antidepressants
psychosocial interventions (CBT, Family psychoeducation, social skills training, assertive community treatment, crisis intervention)

44
Q

what is an inadequate response to initial treatment, dose adjustments or changes in type of antipsychotics of schizophrenia

A

treatment resistant schizophrenia

45
Q

what is schizoaffective disorder

A

rare
criteria is met for schizophrenia with addition of affective symptoms - present prior to or during psychosis
must have at least two weeks of psychotic symptoms without mood symptoms
timing of symptoms can help to differentiate schizoaffective vs mood disorder

46
Q

what are affective symptoms of schizophrenia

A

major depressive episodes, manic episodes or hypomanic episodes

47
Q

what is the treatment of schizoaffective disorder

A

antipsychotic drugs - paliperidone
adjunctive treatment: meds, psychotherapy, patient education
treatment of co-morbidities

48
Q

what is schizophreniform disorder

A

criteria for schizophrenia are met but the duration si less than 6 months
duration typically longer than 1 month and less than 6 months
symptoms similar to schizophrenic disorders

49
Q

what is the treatment of schizophreniform disorder

A

antipsychotis - commonly second-generation
psychotherapy

50
Q

what is delusional disorder

A

psychosis
delusion is present in the absence of the schizophrenia diagnosis criteria
duration is at least one month of duration
predominant symptoms are persistent delusions
daily functioning is minimally impaired

ClinMed2: Psych (10 decks)

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