Schizophrenia

Question 1

fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence

Answer 1

Delusions

Question 2

perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus

Answer 2

Hallucinations

auditory is the most common

Question 3

marked decrease in reactivity to the environment

Resistance to instructions to maintaining a rigid bizarre posture to a complete lack of verbal/motor responses

Can also include purposeless and excessive motor activity without obvious cause

Answer 3

catatonic behavior

NOT CATAPLEXY… what’s cataplexy?

Question 4

Inability to show emotions, apathy, difficulties talking, and withdrawing from social situations and relationships

Substantial portion of the morbidity associated with schizophrenia

Answer 4

negative sxs (take away)

Question 5

Diminished emotional expression includes reductions in the expression of emotions in the face, eye contact, intonation of speech (prosody), and movements of the hand, head, and face that normally give an emotional emphasis to speech.

Avolition is a decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful activities.

Answer 5

negative sxs common in schizophrenia

Question 6

Positive symptoms: Add to… examples?

Answer 6

Hallucinations

Delusions

Question 7

Presence of at least one delusion for at least a month and unable to meet criteria for schizophrenia

Function not impaired and behavior not odd (outside of delusional effect)

Any bipolar symptoms considered mild compared to delusions

Answer 7

delusional disorder

Question 8

Note that with delusional disorder that if hallucinations are present, they are not prominent and are related to the the delusional theme

Answer 8

Delusional disorder… remember function isn’t markedly impaired

Question 9

Essential feature is at least one delusion that persists for at least 1 month

Multiple subtypes

Assessment of symptoms of cognition, depression, and mania is vital to making this diagnosis

Answer 9

Delusional Disorder

Question 10

The major considerations are to prevent self-inflicted harm or harm to others

Hospitalization may be necessary

Antipsychotics are drugs of choice

Antidepressants may be used in conjunction with antipsychotics if significant depression is present

Answer 10

Delusional Disorder tx

Question 11

At least one symptom:
Delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech

Lasts at least one day, but comes back to normal function within one month

Answer 11

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Question 12

The major considerations are to prevent self-inflicted harm or harm to others

Hospitalization may be necessary

A full medical evaluation and brain imaging should be considered in first episodes of psychosis

Antipsychotics are drugs of choice

Antidepressants may be used in conjunction with antipsychotics if significant depression is present

Answer 12

Brief Psychotic Disorder tx

Question 13

At least 2 of 5 symptoms, present for most of the time, for at least 1 month

• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Disorganized speech

Grossly disorganized behavior or catatonia
Negative SXs

Answer 13

Schizophrenia

Question 14

Schizophrenia

Answer 14

At least 2 of 5 symptoms, present for most of the time, for at least 1 month

• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Disorganized speech

Grossly disorganized behavior or catatonia
Negative SXs

Question 15

Since onset, level of functioning is significantly decreased in at least one area of life, compared to before symptom onset
Signs persist for at least 6 months, but have at least 1 month of symptoms from criterion A

Answer 15

Schizophrenia

Question 16

Diagnosis requires the presence of delusions or hallucinations in the absence of mood episodes

Answer 16

Schizophrenia

Characteristic symptoms involve a range of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dysfunctions
no single symptom is pathognomonic

Question 17

The major considerations are to prevent self-inflicted harm or harm to others

Hospitalization may be necessary

A full medical evaluation and brain imaging should be considered in first episodes of psychosis

Antipsychotics are drugs of choice

Antidepressants may be used in conjunction with antipsychotics if significant depression is present

Answer 17

Schizophrenia

Question 18

The duration requirement for schizophreniform
disorder is intermediate between that for brief psychotic disorder, which lasts
more than 1 day and remits by 1 month, and schizophrenia, which lasts for at least 6 months

Answer 18

schizophrenia vs schizophreniform