Schizophrenia

Question 1

Define schizophrenia:

Answer 1

A severe mental illness where contact with reality and insight are impaired

Question 2

What is classification of mental disorders?

Answer 2

Organising symptoms into categories based on which symptoms cluster together in sufferers

Question 3

Does schizophrenia have a single characteristics?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

How similar is DSM-5 and ICD-10 at classification of schizophrenia?

Answer 4

Not similar at all

Question 5

How does DSM-5 classify schizophrenia?

Answer 5

One positive symptom must be present (e.g delusions, hallucinations or speech disorganisation)

Question 6

How does ICD-10 classify schizophrenia?

Answer 6

Two or more negative symptoms must be present (e.g avolition and speech poverty)

Question 7

What are negative symptoms?

Answer 7

Atypical symptoms experienced in addition to normal experiences

Question 8

What is negative symptoms?

Answer 8

Atypical symptoms that represent loss of usual experiences such as clear thinking or ‘normal’ levels of motivation

Question 9

What are the different types of positive symptoms?

Answer 9

• Hallucination

- Delusions

Question 10

What are different types of negative symptoms?

Answer 10

• Avolition

- Speech poverty

Question 11

What are hallucinations?

Answer 11

Sensory experiences have no basis in reality or distorted perceptions of real things

Question 12

What is an example of hallucinations?

Answer 12

Hearing voices or seeing people who aren’t there

Question 13

Is hallucinations a positive or negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Answer 13

Positive

Question 14

What is delusions?

Answer 14

Beliefs which have no basis of reality - person with schizophrenia will behave in away which makes sense to them but not others.

Question 15

What is an example of delusions?

Answer 15

Belief of being an important person or a victim of a conspiracy

Question 16

Is delusions a positive or negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Answer 16

Positive

Question 17

What is avolition?

Answer 17

Severe loss of motivation to do everyday tasks

Question 18

What does avolition result in?

Answer 18

Lowered in activity levels and unwillingness to carry out goal-directed behaviours

Question 19

Is avolition a positive or negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Answer 19

Negative

Question 20

Is speech poverty a positive or negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Answer 20

Negative

Question 21

What is speech poverty?

Answer 21

Reduction in amount and quality of speech

Question 22

What may happen if you have speech poverty?

Answer 22

Delay in verbal responses during conversation

Question 23

What are the key issues with diagnosis of schizophrenia?

Answer 23

• Reliability
• Validity
• Co-morbidity
• Symptom overlap

Question 24

What is the issue with reliability in diagnosis of schizophrenia?

Answer 24

The extent of which diagnosis of schizophrenia is consistent

Question 25

What is the issue with validity in diagnosis of schizophrenia?

Answer 25

The extent to which diagnosis and validity techniques measure what they are designed to measure

Question 26

What is the issue with co-morbidity in diagnosis of schizophrenia?

Answer 26

Occurrence of two illnesses together which confuses diagnosis and treatment

Question 27

What is the issue with symptom overlap in diagnosis of schizophrenia?

Answer 27

When two or more conditions share symptoms, questioning validity of the classification

Question 28

Who showed the diagnosis of schizophrenia to have a low reliability?

Answer 28

Cheniaux et al (2009)

Question 29

What did Cheniaux et al (2009) do?

Answer 29

Had two psychiatrists independently diagnose 100 patients using DSM and ICD criteria

Question 30

What was the findings of Cheniaux et al (2009)?

Answer 30

- Inter-rated reliability was poor - DSM diagnosed 26 patients (1st psychiatrists) - ICD diagnosed 44 patients (1st psychiatrists) - DSM diagnosed 13 patients (2nd psychiatrists) - ICD diagnosed 24 patients (2nd psychiatrists)