schizophrenia

Question 1

What is schizophrenia?

Answer 1

Severe mental illness
Men more than woman
Impaired contact with reality

Question 2

What are the two systems for disorder classification?

Answer 2

ICD-10

DSM-5

Question 3

How does the DSM classification differ from ICD?

Answer 3

DSM - one positive symptom must be present
ICD - two negative are sufficient
ICD - recognises subtypes
DSM - dropped subtypes

Question 4

What are the subtypes of schizophrenia?

Answer 4

Paranoid - delusions and hallucinations but few other symptoms
Hebephrenic - negative symptoms
Catatonic - disturbance to movement eg immobile or overactive

Question 5

What are positive symptoms?

Answer 5

Additional experiences
Hallucinations
Delusions

Question 6

What are hallucinations?

Answer 6

Unusual sensory experiences
Some related to environment
Related to any sense

Question 7

What are delusions?

Answer 7

Paranoia, irrational beliefs
Delusions of grandeur
Delusions of persecution
Part of them under external control
Can lead to aggression

Question 8

What are negative symptoms?

Answer 8

Loss of experience
Avolition
Speech poverty

Question 9

What is avolition?

Answer 9

Apathy - difficult to keep up with goal directed activity
Reduced motivation
Poor hygiene, lack of persistence, lack of energy

Question 10

What is speech poverty?

Answer 10

Reduction in amount and quality of speech
Delay in verbal responses
ICD - negative
DSM - positive - speech disorganisation, becomes incoherent

Question 11

Evaluation - reliability

Answer 11

Inter after reliability - two professionals should arrive at the same diagnosis
Cheniaux - poor inter rater reliability
One - 26 with SZ with DSM, 44 with ICD
Two - 13 DSM 24 ICD
Poor reliability

Question 12

Evaluation - validity

Answer 12

Criterion validity - so different assessment systems arrive at the same diagnosis
Cheniaux - more likely to be diagnosed with ICD

Question 13

Evaluation - comorbidity

Answer 13

Half schizophrenics have depression
Bad at telling difference between two
Might be a single condition

Question 14

Evaluation - symptom overlap

Answer 14

Bipolar also involves delusion and avolition

May be diagnosed with different conditions under ICD or DSM

Question 15

Evaluation - gender bias

Answer 15

Longenecker - men diagnosed more than women
Female patients function better, more likely to work
Men diagnosed more

Question 16

Evaluation - cultural bias

Answer 16

African Americans more likely to be diagnosed
Rates in Africa not high
Hearing voices acceptable in Africa, white psychiatrists distrust honesty of black people