Schizophrenia

Question 1

Delusion

Answer 1

Fixed false belief

Question 2

Hallucinations

Answer 2

A perception of something not present

• auditory: hearing voices or sounds
• visual: seeing persons or things

Question 3

Brief psychotic disorder

Answer 3

Involves an acute onset of psychosis or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior in response to extreme stress. (Lasts less than a month, and full recovery usually occurs)

Question 4

Schizophreniform disorder

Answer 4

A person has many of the features of schizophrenia but has has these for a period of less than 6 months. It may or may not develop into schizophrenia

Question 5

Schizoaffective disorder

Answer 5

When an episode of major depression, mania, or mixed depression and mania occurs in the presence of schizophrenia

Question 6

What are positive symptoms? Give examples

Answer 6

The presence of something that is not normally present

Ex: hallucinations, delusions, bizzare behaviors, paranoia

Question 7

What are negative symptoms? Give an example

Answer 7

The absence of something that should be present

Ex: interest in hygiene, motivation, ability to experience pleasure

Question 8

What are cognitive symptoms?

Answer 8

Often subtle changes in memory, attention, or thinking

Question 9

What are affective symptoms?

Answer 9

Symptoms involving emotions and their expression

Question 10

What are the differences between first and second generation antipsychotics?

Answer 10

First generation: targets positive symptoms, higher EPS symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, anticholinergic effects, agranulocytosis, cheaper
Second generation: first line drugs, targets positive and negative symptoms, metabolic syndrome, more expensive

Question 11

Extrapyramidal side effects include…

Answer 11

Acute dystonia, akathisia, pseudoparkinsonism

Question 12

Acute dystonia

Answer 12

Acute sustained contraction of muscles (usually head and neck)

Question 13

Akathisia

Answer 13

Psychomotor restlessness evident as pacing, or fidgeting, sometimes pronounced and very distressing to patients. (Lorazepam may be helpful in reducing)

Question 14

Pseudoparkinsonism

Answer 14

A medication induced, temporary constellation of symptoms associated with parkisnon’s disease. (Congentin and Benadryl)

Question 15

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 15

Consists of involuntary choreoathetoid (writhing, worm like) movements especially of the tongue and face; a slow worm like movement of the tongue, lip smacking movements, and in and out tongue protrusion are typical

Question 16

Metabolic syndrome

Answer 16

Includes weight gain, dyslipidemia, and altered glucose metabolism

Question 17

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

Answer 17

Fever
Autonomic symptoms
Rigidity
Mental status changes

Question 18

Anxiety

Answer 18

A vague sense of dread related to an unspecified or unknown danger

Question 19

Fear

Answer 19

A reaction to a specific danger

Question 20

Mild anxiety

Answer 20

Associated with the tension of everyday life. Can be motivating, produce growth, enhance creativity and increase learning. S/S: slight discomfort, restlessness, irritability, or mild tension relieving behaviors (nail biting, foot or finger tapping, fidgeting)