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Phase 2 - Psych > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

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1
Q

What is schizophrenia?

A

A disorder characterised by psychotic symptoms plus functional impairment
- Is chronic and relapsing

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2
Q

Define positive symptoms

A

Delusions
Hallucinations
Agitation
Thought disorder

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3
Q

Define negative symptoms

A 
Lack of will
Lack of interest
Isolation 
Social and occupational withdrawal 
Intellectual decline
Poor memory and attention
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4
Q

Give some causes of schizophrenia

A

Predisposing

  • Biological = genetic
  • Psychological = ?parenting
  • Social = ?immigration

Precipitating
Bio = Drug use, poor compliance
Psycho = stress

Perpetuating

  • Psycho = relationship
  • Social = role in society
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5
Q

When does schizophrenia usually present?

A

Late adolescence or early adulthood

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6
Q

Give the prevalence of schizophrenia

A

3/1000 of the population

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7
Q

What are the main ways the schizophrenia progresses?

A 
1/3 = single episode
1/3 = relapsing illness with minimal residual damage
1/3 = progressive deterioration
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8
Q

What pre-mormid factors give rise to a poorer prognosis?

A
  • FH schizophrenia
  • Personal history of any psychiatric disorder
  • Eccentric shy personality
  • Poor social and psychosexual adjustment
  • Single civil status
  • Unstable work record
  • Young age
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9
Q

What clinical indicators give an indication of a poorer prognosis?

A
  • Insidious onset
  • Blunted affect
  • Prolonged episode
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10
Q

What types of delusions can people with schizophrenia have?

A

Delusions of reference
Delusions of persecution
Delusions of passivity

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11
Q

Define delusion of reference

A

An event or action has a special meaning to the patient - believe things are meant specifically just for them e.g. messages in the paper, voices on the radio

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12
Q

Define a delusion of persecution

A

Patient feels that they are being followed.

Are paranoid.

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13
Q

Define a delusion of passivity

A

Delusion in which the person feels that their actions are under control of other people.

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14
Q

What kind of auditory hallucinations do people with schizophrenia have?

A
  • Thought spoken aloud
  • Third person hallucinations
  • Commentary
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15
Q

What are the first rank symptoms of schizophrenia?

A 
Auditory hallucinations
Thought withdrawal
Thought insertion
Thought broadcasting
Somatic hallucinations
Delusional perception
Feelings or actions which are experienced as being by external sources
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16
Q

Define thought withdrawal

A

The delusion that thoughts have been removed from a patients mind

17
Q

Define thought insertion

A

The delusion that thoughts are not their own but have been implanted by an external source.

18
Q

Define thought broadcasting

A 
Patient believe that their thoughts are being broadcasts to the outside world. 
Can be via:
Telepathy
Radio broadcasting 
Newspaper is reporting their thoughts
19
Q

Define a delusional perception

A

Real perceptions gives rise to a false meaning

20
Q

Define somatic hallucinations

A

Tactile hallucinations such as insects crawling over their skin, the feeling of being touched or strangled

21
Q

Define a thought disorder

A

Cognitive processing is scrambled and gives rise to a number of different factors.

22
Q

What kind of things can arise in thought disorders?

A
  • Neologisms - create new words
  • Stock phrases
  • Clang associations - thoughts are connected by the words sounding the same
  • Concrete thinking
  • Derailment - changing from one subject to another
  • Knight’s move thinking - leaping rapidly from one to another
  • Omission
  • Drivelling
  • Over-inclusive thinking
23
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for schizophrenia?

A 
Brief psychotic reaction
Severe depression with psychosis
Bipolar with psychosis
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizoaffective disorder
Drug induced psychosis
Organic symptoms
24
Q

What is the first line treatment for schizophrenia?

A

Oral atypical antipsychotics such as:

  • Olanzapine
  • Risperidone
  • Quetiapine
  • Amisulpiride
25
Q

What medication can be used in treatment resistant schizophrenia?

A

Clozapine

26
Q

What is the main side effect of using clozapine?

A

Neutropenia

- Need weekly blood tests for 6 months

27
Q

What are the side effects of antipsychotic medication?

A

Antidopaminergic

- EPS such as Parkinsonian, acute dystonia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia

28
Q

What is the main theory for the pathology of schizophrenia?

A

Increase dopamine function in mesolimbic pathway and decreased dopamine in the mesocortical pathway.

29
Q

What are the main pathways involved with dopamine in the brain?

A

Mesolimbic pathway
Mesocortical pathway
Nigrostriatal pathway
Tubero-hypophyseal

Phase 2 - Psych (10 decks)

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