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Schizophrenia > Schizophrenia 2 > Flashcards

Schizophrenia 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 schizophrenia…

A

Acute form, characterised by positive symptoms and responsive to medication

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2
Q

Positive symptoms…

A

The displaying of behaviours involving loss of touch with reality: hallucinations, delusions and thought disorders

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3
Q

Type 2 schizophrenia…

A

Chronic type characterised by negative symptoms and unresponsive to medication

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4
Q

Negative symptoms…

A

The displaying of behaviours involving disruption of normal emotions and actions: avolition, psychomotor disturbances, disturbances of effect & thought process disorders

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5
Q

Hallucinations…

A

The perception of something being real that doesn’t truly exist

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6
Q

Delusions…

A

A false belief that is resistant to confrontation with the truth

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7
Q

Poverty of speech..

A

A negative symptom, characterised by brief replies to questions and minimal elaboration

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8
Q

Avolition…

A

A general lack of energy, resulting in the loss of goal - directed behaviour

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9
Q

Diagnosis…

A

Identification of the nature and cause of illness

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10
Q

DSM-5…

A

Diagnostic classification system produced in the USA

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11
Q

ICD-10…

A

Diagnostic classification system produced by the world health organisation

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12
Q

Reliability…

A

Consistency of diagnosis

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13
Q

Validity….

A

Accuracy if diagnosis

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14
Q

Co-morbidity…

A

The presence of one or more additional disorders or diseases simultaneously occurring with schizophrenia

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15
Q

Culture bias…

A

The tendency to over diagnose members of other cultures as suffering from schizophrenia

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16
Q

Gender bias…

A

The tendency for diagnostic criteria to be applied differently to males and females and for there to be differences in the classification of disorder

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17
Q

Symptom overlap…

A

The perception that symptoms of schizophrenia are also symptoms of other mental disorders

18
Q

Genetic explanation…

A

Transmission of abnormality by hereditary means

19
Q

Dopamine hypothesis…

A

That the development of schizophrenia is related to abnormal levels of the hormone and neurotransmitter dopamine

20
Q

Neural correlates…

A

That the development of schizophrenia is related to structural and functional brain abnormalities

21
Q

Family dysfunction…

A

The idea that dysfunctional family relationships and patterns of communication are related to the development of schizophrenia

22
Q

Cognitive explanations…

A

The idea that the development of schizophrenia is related to maladaptive thought processes

23
Q

Dysfunctional thought processes…

A

The idea that the development of schizophrenia is related to abnormal ways of thinking

24
Q

Drug therapy…

A

Chemical treatments of abnormality through tablets and intravenous means

25
Q

Typical antipsychotics…

A

The original neuroleptic drugs created in the 1950’s to treat schizophrenia

26
Q

Atypical antipsychotics…

A

A class of neuroleptic drugs produced later to treat schizophrenia

27
Q

Family therapy…

A

Treatment of schizophrenia by alternation of communication systems within families

28
Q

Token economies…

A

A method of behaviour modification that reinforces target behaviours by awarding tokens that can be exchanged for material goods

29
Q

Interactionist approach…

A

The idea that schizophrenia results from a combination of psychological, biological and social factors

30
Q

Diathesis - stress model…

A

The idea that individuals have varying genetic potentials for schizophrenia that combine with the degree of environmental stressors in their lives to form their actual amount of vulnerability to the disorder

31
Q

List the positive symptoms…

A

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, disorganised behaviour

32
Q

List the negative symptoms…

A

Lack of emotional expression, lack of interest, lack of interest in the world, speech difficulties and abnormalities

33
Q

Test - retest reliability…

A

When the same clinic diagnosis an individual multiple times

34
Q

Inter - rater reliability…

A

When different clinics diagnose and individual with the same diagnosis

35
Q

Typical drugs include…

A

Chlorpromazine. Work as antagonists in the dopamine system. Block receptor sites on the post - synaptic neurone and reduce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions

36
Q

Typical antipsychotics also effect the anit-cholinergic neurotransmitters. The side effects are…

A

Dry mouth, urinary problems, constipation and visual disturbance

37
Q

Typical antipsychotics also affect the noradrenergic neurotransmitters. Side effects include…

A

Low blood pressure, Sexual dysfunction, nasal congestion

38
Q

Long term use of typical antipsychotics can lead to…

A

15% of sufferers developing tardive dyskinesia, which can lead to permanent uncontrollable muscle movements around the mouth

39
Q

One atypical antipsychotic is clozapine, which is more effective than typical antipsychotics. In addition to acting on the dopamine system, what other systems does it work on?

A

Serotonin and glutamine receptors, which helps improve the mood and reduce depression and anxiety in patients.

40
Q

Side effects of atypical antipsychotics are…

A

Weight gain, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

41
Q

Study supporting effectiveness of antipsychotics…

A

Davis et Al (1989) - performed a meta analysis of over 100 studies, comparing antipsychotics with placebos. Found drugs to be effective with 75% of sufferers treated with typical antipsychotics. Condition was improved within 6 weeks. Fewer than 25% of the placebo group improved in the same time frame.

42
Q

Study about the side effects of discontinuing treatment…

A

Lieberman et Al (2005) - compared the effectiveness of typical and atypical antipsychotics in 1,432 patients with chronic schizophrenia. Found 74% of patients discontinued their treatments due to the side effects of the drugs.

Schizophrenia (1 decks)

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