Schizophrenia

Question 1

Griffith et al (1968)

Answer 1

induced psychosis in non-schizophrenic volunteers by administering dextro-amphetamine (increases dopamine).
Volunteers demonstrated a generally abrupt onset of paranoid delusions and a cold emotionless response.

Question 2

Gottesman et al (1991)

Answer 2

Looked an incidence of schizophrenia in family members.
Found that as genetic similarity increases so did the probability of both individuals having schizophrenia.

Question 3

Schizophrenia working group of the psychiatric genomics consortium (2014)

Answer 3

Found 108 genetic loci associated with schizophrenia.

Question 4

Weinberger et al (1979)

Answer 4

Used CAT scans, reported that ventricular size is larger in individuals with schizophrenia compared with a control group.

Question 5

Claiborn (2009)

Answer 5

Estimated between 2.5% and 4% of general population have experienced hallucinations most of whom are not diagnosed.

Question 6

Barch et al (1999)

Answer 6

compared performance on a stroop test of people with schizophrenia compared to those without.
Found that individuals with schizophrenia were slower and made more mistakes and concluded that those with schizophrenia cannot filter information as effectively.

Question 7

Bateson et al (1956)

Answer 7

Proposed that symptoms of schizophrenia were the result of family miscommunication.

Question 8

Vaughn and Leff (1976)

Answer 8

53% of those with schizophrenia who had a high EE relative relapsed within 9 months. Only 12% of those with a low EE relative relapsed.

Question 9

Jim van Os et al (2010)

Answer 9

Approximately 0.5% higher incidence of schizophrenia in people born and raised in urban areas.

Question 10

McKenzie et al (2002)

Answer 10

Proposed that higher levels of social capital may actually protect us from stress.

Question 11

Pedersen and Mortensen (2001)

Answer 11

Individuals at high risk of psychotic disorders reduced the likelihood of developing schizophrenia if they move to a more rural area.

Question 12

Cole et al (1964)

Answer 12

75% of those given a conventional anti-psychotic were considered to be ‘much improved’ compared to only 25% given a placebo.
Also noted that none given anti-psychotic got worse whereas 48% of the placebo group worsened.

Question 13

Kuipers et al (1997)

Answer 13

60 individuals with schizophrenia who had a positive symptom that was medicine resistant and randomly allocated them either CBT and standard care or just standard care. after 9 months researchers found that 50% of participants were found to have improved in the CBT plus standard care condition compared to 31% improved in the standard care condition.