Schizophrenia

Question 1

AO1 — Andreasen, 1982:

Answer 1

Named the 3 signs of avolition: lacking energy, poor hygiene, lacking persistence (in work, school).

Question 2

AO3 — Cheniaux et al., 2009:

Answer 2

Diagnosis has low inter-rater reliability. 2 psychologists assessed ~100 clients, with ICD-10 which diagnosed 68 people, and DSM-4 which diagnosed 39 people.

Question 3

AO3 — Regier et al., 2013:

Answer 3

The Kappa Score of DSM-5 trials is 0.46.

Question 4

AO3 — Osario, 2019:

Answer 4

The Kappa Score of the DSM-5 increased recently. 180 individuals assessed. Inter-rater reliability = 0.97. Test-retest relatability = 0.92. Very good.

Question 5

AO1 — Ripke, 2014:

Answer 5

Found: 108 separate genetic variations associated with increased risk.