Schizophrenia Flashcards
What is psychosis?
It is a form of severe mental disturbance where the individual loses touch with reality
What is psychosis characterized by?
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised thoughts and behaviour
What are delusions?
It is fixated, false & unshakeable personal beliefs
e.g. “I believed that a girl loved me;
She didn’t.”
What is hallucinations?
It is the false perceptions in the absence of a real external stimulus.
e.g. "I heard "voices". Nobody was talking to me. The "voices" were not like thoughts. Sometimes they sounded like speech from my relatives. Sometimes they sounded like speech from my friends. Sometimes they sounded like speech from no one I knew."
What is disorganized thinking?
e.g.
- I tried diligently to use good English. I abandoned sentences half way and started new ones. I sounded incoherent. - “The PAP Government had planted a microchip in me, they used this to keep track of me.”
What are the types of psychotic disorders?
- Schizophrenia.
- Schizoaffective Disorder ( In between schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis )
- Schizophreniform Disorder. ( < 6 months symptoms )
- Brief Psychotic Disorder.
- Delusional Disorder.
- Manic-depressive psychosis ( Bipolar disorders )
- Paranoid disorder
- Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder.
- Psychotic Disorder Due to a Physical Illness
- Paraphrenia.
What is Schizophrenia?
- A mind this is torn asunder
- Intellectual and emotional mental activity are fragmented.
- Not “spilt personality”
What are the schneider 1st rank symptoms?
ABCD A : Auditory hallucinations B : Broadcasting of thoughts C : Controlled thoughts ( Delusions of control ) D : Delusional Perception
What are the positive symptoms for schizophrenia? ( Additional thing on the person )
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
What are the negative symptoms for schizophrenia? ( Lack of something )
5As
- Lack of facial expression ( Flatten Affect )
- Lack of pleasure ( Anhedonia )
- Lack of drive and energy ( Apathy )
- Lack of interest ( Avolitional )
- Lack of speech ( Alogia )
What are the disorganized symptoms?
- thought disorder
- disorganized behaviour
What are the cognitive symptoms?
- Memory impairment
- Executive function impairment
What is diagnostic criteria?
- Characteristic symptoms :
2 ( or more ) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period ( or less if successfully treated )
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganised speech ( e.g. frequent derailmeent or incoherence )
- grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviour
- Negative symptoms i.e affective flattening, alogia, or avolition
What is diagnostic criteria ?
- Only one criterion A symptom is required if delusions are bizarre or hallucinations consist of a voice keeping up a running commentary on the person’s behaviour or thoughts, or two or more voices conversing with each other
B. Social / Occupational dysfunction
- For the significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, one or more major areas of functioning such as work, interpersonal relations or self care are markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset ( or when the onset is in childhood or adolescence, failure to achieve expected level of interpersonal, academic or occupational achievement )
What is the C : Duration ?
Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months.
The 6 months period must at least 1 month of symptoms ( or less if successfully treated ) that meet Criterion A.
During these prodromal or residual periods, the
signs of the disturbance may be manifested by only negative symptoms or two or more symptoms listed in Criterion A present in an
attenuated form (e.g., odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiences).
What is D : Schizoaffective and mood disorder exclusion?
Schizoaffective
Disorder and Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features have been ruled
out because either
( 1 ) no Major Depressive, Manic, or Mixed Episodes
have occurred concurrently with the active-phase symptoms; or
( 2 ) if
mood episodes have occurred during active-phase symptoms, their
total duration has been brief relative to the duration of the active
and residual periods.
What is E. Substance/general medical conditions exclusion
The disturbance is
not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a
drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
F. Relationship to a pervasive development?
If there is a
history of Autistic Disorder or another Pervasive Developmental
Disorder, the additional diagnosis of Schizophrenia is made only if
prominent delusions or hallucinations are also present for at least a
month (or less if successfully treated).
