Schizophrenia - 01 Classification & Reliability and Validity Flashcards
What is schizophrenia?
A mental illness that usually occurs in late adolescents or early adulthood and characterised by disturbances in thought, perception and behaviour
How is schizophrenia classified in the DSM?
psychosis as the sufferer has no concept of reality
What symptoms does the DSM-5 say someone has to have in order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?
-one positive symptom
-one other symptom
What symptoms does the ICD-10 say someone has to have in order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?
-one positive symptom
OR
-two negative symptoms
What are positive symptoms?
reflect an excess, addition or distortion of normal functioning
What are the 3 types of positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
1-hallucinations
2-delusions
3-disorganised speech
What are hallucinations?
bizarre, unreal perception of the environment can be auditory, visual, olfactory or tactile
What are delusions?
false beliefs that are firmly held despite being completely illogical, or for which there is no evidence
What are delusions of persecution?
paranoid feelings of being followed or spied on
What are delusions of grandeur?
beliefs that you are greater and more powerful and influential than you are
What are delusions of control?
beliefs that others are trying to control their thoughts or behaviours
What are delusions of reference?
beliefs that messages e.g. on TV or billboards are for them
What is disorganised speech?
frequent derailment or incoherence of speech
What are negative symptoms?
reflect a reduction or loss of normal functioning
What are the 3 negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
1-Avolition
2-speech poverty
3-affectove flattening
What is avolition?
-when someone finds it difficult to begin or keep up with goal-directed activity
-reduced motivation to carry out a range of activities
What is speech poverty?
-inability to speak properly
-slow or blocked thoughts
-short and empty replies to questions
What is affective flattening?
-reduction in range and intensity of emotional expression
-fewer body and facial movements and smiles
What is reliability?
consistency
