Schedules of Reinforcement Flashcards by Jordyn Gressier

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule

dog is reinforced for every correct step. Best for teaching new behaviors

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Partial Reinforcement Schedule

-Also known as Intermittent Reinforcement.
-Responding is rewarded only after a certain number of responses have been completed

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Fixed Ratio (FR)

-is a PRF or Intermittent
-Reward given after every set number of responses

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Random Ratio (RR)

-PRF or intermittent
-reward not given every time the dog offers to perform the behavior
-not able to predict
-similar to variable but very hard to be truly random unless computer generated

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Fixed Interval (FI)

-PRF or intermittent or VSR
-reward given only after a specific interval of time has elapsed from the pervious reward
-Fixed Interval Scallop: response weak right after reward.
-Example: sit stays deal with time

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Variable Interval (VI)

-PRF or Intermittent or VSR
-interval that is required to elapse in order to receive reward changes from one reward to the next.

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Examples of a Conditioned Emotional Response

-Car backfiring when dog is in it, dog is afraid to go into car
-Dog pulling plates off of dinner table to get chicken, but big crash happens and dog is afraid of table

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a neutral stimulus paired with a primary reinforcer until the neutral stimulus takes on the reinforcing properties of the primary

Conditioned Reinforcer

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this is learning

conditioning

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compulsion training

traditional style dog training that models or compels dog to do behavior and dog corrected for non compliance

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euphemism for giving physical aversive.

correction

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The best answer for the focus of observation in focal-animal sampling is:
a) Recording all behaviours of an individual during a sample period.
b) Recording specific behaviours of a specific subject during a sample period.
c) One individual, pair, or group during a sample period.
d) Only recording rare behaviours.

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Which of these is NOT a factor in affecting the aversiveness of a trigger?
a) Distance
b) Orientation
c) Animation
d) None of the above

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In classical conditioning, which is effective:
a) backward conditioning
b) simultaneous conditioning
c) delayed conditioning
d) none of the above

c. delayed conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is presented before the unconditioned stimulus and ends after the unconditioned stimulus starts. In classical conditioning, delayed conditioning is effective.

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What is backwards conditioning?

Unconditioned Stimulus (US) is presented before the Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Less Effective because neutral stimulus not presented in close proximity to unconditioned stimulus which is necessary for learning

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simultaneous conditioning

CS (Conditioned Stimulus) ex. clicker and US (Unconditioned Stimulus food) ex food are paired and presented at the same time. This leads to conditioned responses of a dog turning towards the clicker expecting food

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what does DHLPP stand for

Distemper, Hepatitis, Leptospirosis, Parainfluenza, Parvo Virus

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What are gastrointestinal parasites?

Parasites which damage the gastrointestinal tract and steal nutrients; Often found in puppies; Include roundworms, tapeworms and hookworms

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What are whipworms? -

Internal parasites contracted from ingesting contaminated matter (food, water, feces, flesh, etc.);

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What is ethology?

Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior in natural settings, focusing on evolutionary and environmental influences.

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When did dogs genetically diverge from the grey wolf to become canis lupus famillaris

33,000

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Puppy is between 6-20 weeks who has abrupt onset of vomiting, diarrhea, fever and rapid dehydration might have

parvovirus

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Hepatitis

-caused by adenovirus (contagious)
-caught: urine, stool, saliva
-affects: liver, kidneys, lining blood vessels
-symptoms:lethargic, loss appetite, fever, bloody vomit/stool

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Distempter

Caused: virus similar to measles
Caught: inhaling
Affects: usually puppies 6-12 weeks
maternal antibodies drop
Symptoms: fevers, loss appetite, watery discharge eyes/nose, coughing, vomit, diarrhea

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Lyme Disease

Cause: bite infected tick Symptoms: sudden lameness, stiffness, painful joints

Bordatella

oue: bacteria in kennel cough Caught: areas lots of dogs Symptoms: dry hacking cough, nasal/eye discharge Vaccine given: 8 weeks then 3 weeks later then yearly

Leptospirosis

Cause: Bacteria Caught: urine in water or soil Affect: Kidney, Liver Symptoms: fever, vomiting, increase thirst, urination

Roundworms

Cause: parasite ascarids live in stomach Caught: soil, ingesting infected animal Symptoms:seen in stool or cough in lungs

Hookworms

Cause: parasite in G.I Found: in places in high temp Caught: mother, soil, skin paw pads Symptoms: Bloody black Diarrhea

Parainfluenza

infectious bronchitis

Rabies

Caught: through saliva fatal to all warm blooded mammals Affect: Brain, nervous system, Saliva Symptoms: aggressive, excessive salivating, dumb uncoordinated, paralysis Vaccine schedule: 12 weeks, then 1 year,then 1-3 years

Coccidia

parasite affects G.I live in intestines common in puppies Caught: eating poop infected dog Symptoms: watery, bloody, mucusy diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration

according to the humane hierarchy, environmental factors are?

above classical conditioning

Belyayev found domesticated foxes A. Were still afraid of humans B. Developed curly tails and floppy ears C. Bore resemblance to wolves D. Developed longer legs and narrow chests

B. Developed curly tails and floppy ears

Empathetic Listening is all of the following Except A. Listening with Focus B. A great way to build relationships with clients C. Only used with difficult clients D. Reading between the lines of what has been shared

C. Only used with difficult clients

You notice a sheltie in your class who is lunging at any dog that walks by and barks relentlessly at them. You should A. Warn students to stay away B. Tell student to pay more attention to her dog C. Ask student to leave class and do private lessons D. Suggest student keep more space between her dog and others

D. Suggest student keep more space between her dog and others

CCPDT code of ethics says that client info A. Confidential unless a vet asks B. Is always confidential C. only confidential in writing D. Only confidential when training service dogs

B. Is always confidential

shaking off, lip licking and yawning are examples of A. Calming signals B. Distance increasing signals C. Counter conditioning D. confrontation

A. Calming signals

It is important for clients in your group class to A. Get a dog to master the behaviors B. Stay at the same level as all of the students in class C. Learn to deal with all kinds of distractions D. Practice as often as possible in your home

D. Practice as often as possible in your home

A dog that is leaning back and putting his hind weight on his legs is most likely A. Aggressive B. Playful C. Anxious D. excited

C. Anxious

Once you passed your exam, it is good for A. 5 years B. 6 months C. 2 years D. 3 years

D. 3 years

Electric shock collars A. should be forbidden by the CCPDT electronic collar position statement B. as a last resort, part of the punishment tier of humane hierarchy C. a go to piece of equipment D. Final option prior to positive reinforcement

B. as a last resort, part of the punishment tier of humane hierarchy

The CCPDT believes that the administration of an electric stimulus during training should only be used

-after all other training options have been considered and rejected. -never as an initial training option.

All of the following should be used before using an electronic shock collars EXCEPT Changes in antecedent stimuli A. Positive reinforcement of alternative behaviors B. A comprehensive program of counter conditioning and desensitization C. Negative punishment and Negative reinforcement D. As first training option E. Consultations with other behavior professionals for alternative training suggestion

D. As first training option

CCPDT code ethics requires all EXCEPT A. refraining from using derogatory cultural norms B. refraining from contacting clients after their consultation C. Regularly updating client contact lists D. Recommending more experienced trainers

B. refraining from contacting clients after their consultation

Humane Hierarchy states the following comes immediately before using Positive Reinforcement training to establish a new behavior A. P+ B. Extinction C. Checking health documents D. Management tools such as gates and crates

D. Management tools such as gates and crates

Which of the following is an unacceptable aversive method which would revoke your CPDT-KA title A. Prong collars B. Correcting a dog on a choke chain C. Ear pinching method for dumbbell retrieval D. Anti-Bark Collar

C. Ear pinching method for dumbbell retrieval

Once you have become a CPDT-KA you must recertify by A. 32 CEU in 2 years B. 32 CEU in 3 years C. 36 CEU in 2 years D. 36 CEU in 3 years

D. 36 CEU in 3 years

A reinforcer is something that: A. reward dogs good behavior B. Decrease behavior C. Increase behavior frequency D. elicit happy emotions in a dog

C. Increase behavior frequency

List the Humane Hierarchy

1. Health, nutritional, physical factors 2. Antecedents or Management: redesign setting events, remove discriminative stimulus that trigger problem behavior 3. Positive reinforcement 4. Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behavior 5. negative punishment, negative reinforcement or extinction 6. Positive Punishment

What comes after positive reinforcement in the humane hierarchy

differential reinforcement of alternative behavior

What comes after differential reinforcement in the human hierarchy

Negative punishment, negative reinforcement, extinction

Using LIMA what is the first line of teaching, training and behavior change

Positive reinforcement

In the ABCs of operant learning, the C tells us: a) whether something has been added or removed b) whether the behavior is likely to be strengthened or weakened c) whether the antecedent was a conditional stimulus d) whether the behavior had an antecedent

what are some characteristics of Appeasement or active submission

ears back, licking face/ears/lips/ diminished posture, pawing motions, smiling, play bowing

What are some characteristics of Deference or Passive Submission

diverting attention, tail tucked, freeze, lowering head, belly up.

In the ABC of operant Conditioning the C tells us

is something has been added or removed the P predication will tell us if something has been strengthened or weekend

Up until one year of age, a dog typically will have a resting heart rate of:

180 beats per minute

contrast effect

animals react differently, e.g., show frustration effects when they expect a certain outcome, so that the absence of the expected reward results in delays or reduced preference This frustration effect explain the refusal of the less-preferred reward An unexpected change in reward quantity or quality frequently elicits a sharp decrease of responses as well as a negative emotional state.

Ethology

Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior in natural settings, focusing on evolutionary and environmental influences.

What is the definition for Tame A. to allow an animal near you B. To domesticate an animal that is not frightened of humans or dangerous C. To selectively breed an animal to like humans D. To find an animal that likes humans

B. To domesticate an animal that is not frightened of humans or dangerous

What is a domesticated animals A. An animal that is not afraid of humans B. An animal that does not want to be near humans C. An animal that has been selectively bred and adapted to live in intimate proximity with humans D. An animal bred to do jobs

C. An animal that has been selectively bred and adapted to live in intimate proximity with humans

What is domestication

adapting an animal to life in intimate association with and to the advantage of humans. Gone through extensive biological changes due to extensive breeding over the course of many generation resulting in tameness

what does neoteny mean

retention of immature characteristics in adulthood. many modern dog breeds retain these features.

examples of neoteny features

soft fuzzy fur, round torsos, large heads and eyes, ears that hang down rather than stand erect (for the benefit of hunting prey) etc.

phylogeny

evolutionary history of an organism

what is the evolutionary history of an organism A. Neoteny B. Ontollogical C. Ethology D. Phylogeny

D. Phylogeny

The part of the brain that processes information and tunes out things that are unimportant A. Limbic System B. Reticular Activating System C. Cerebral crtex D. Cerebellum

B. Reticular Activating System

What is the Reticular Activating System responsible for

Attention center of brain, where things are perceived, prossesed and acted upon and tuning out things unimportant

What is the network of cells in the brain that activates instinct and learning. Involved in emotions such as fear A. Limbic System B. Reticular Activating System C. Cerebral Cortex D. Cerebellum

A. Limbic System

what is the limbic system responsible for?

INTEGRATES instinct and learning and emotions such as fear

What part of the brain is responsible for cognitive functions such as learning and problem solving A. Limbic System B. Reticular Activating System C. Cerebral Cortex D. Cerebellum

C. Cerebral Cortex

what is the cerebral cortex responsible for

cognitive functions such as learning and problem solving

Every morning you take your puppy to the dog play park. You approach from the south end of the park and meet your other dog walking friends. One morning you are in a rush and need to drive to the dog park in order to get your walk done. You park at the North end of the park and your puppy runs straight to the South end of the park to meet his playmates. What type of learning is happening?

latent learning

Learning. A.. Behaviour/Response B. Stimulus C. condition D. Consequence

C. condition

Any action performed that can be observed and measured. A. Behavior/Response B. Stimulus C. Condition D. Consquence

A. Behavior Response

The behavioral demand being made upon the learner.

criteria

When should puppies receive their first heartworm test? -

7 to 9 months of age

What are attenuated vaccines? -

Vaccines altered in some way to prevent inducing serious disease

A dog is rewarded for standing for 15 seconds, then rewarded for standing 6 seconds, then 3. This is an example of what reinforcement schedule A. Fixed Ratio B. Fixed interval C. Variable Ratio D. Variable Interval

D. Variable Interval

Rats were divided into three groups and the individuals in each group were put in a maze. The rats in Group 1 received a food reward when they reached the end of the maze. The rats in Group 2 never received food; they just were put in the maze and wandered freely for a certain amount of time for 10 days. The rats in Group 3 wandered the maze with no food for 10 days, then on the 11th day they started receiving a food reward for finishing the maze. It took them only one day to catch up to the Group 1 rate of running the maze. This was believed to show that they had been learning to navigate the maze during the period of no food, i.e., no reinforcement. This is an example of

latent learning

learning that occurs during non-reinforced trials but that remains unused until the introduction of a reinforcer provides an incentive for using it.

latent learning