Schaffer And Emerson

Question 1

What is the first stage of attachment?

Answer 1

Asocial attachment - here is no difference between inanimate objects and humans at the first weeks of an infants life and they do not prefer anyone

Question 2

What is the second stage of attachment?

Answer 2

Indiscriminate attachment - They show a clear preference to humans over animals, they have clear signals and can be easily comforted by some adults

Question 3

What is the third stage of attachment?

Answer 3

Specific attachment - The infant has a primary attachment figure which they are securely attached to and they show signs of stranger and separation anxiety. 65% of time this is the mother

Question 4

What is the fourth stage of attachment?

Answer 4

Multiple attachments - infants start to build secondary attachment figures

Question 5

What is the procedure and findings of Schaffer and Emerson?

Answer 5

• 60 babies from Glasgow, working class families
• interviewed them every month for a year then at 18 months
• they asked the mothers about the kinds of protests that their babies showed in seven everyday situations such as leaving a room.

Question 6

What are the two strengths of Schaffer and Emerson

Answer 6

Good external validity as the observations took place in naturalisitic settings and doing ordinary activites, making the research more generalisable

• real-world applications and can be used in day care to tell parents when to start daycare as it may for example be harmful in the specific attachment stage

Question 7

What are the two limitations

Answer 7

• internal validity
• immobility and uncoordinated babies