Scenario 5 - acute heart failure

Question 1

What causes the S1 heart sound?

Answer 1

Closure of mitral valve

Question 2

What causes the S2 heart sound?

Answer 2

Closure of aortic valve

Question 3

What may cause an S3 heart sound?

Answer 3

Ventricles filling

Question 4

What may cause an S4 heart sound?

Answer 4

Ventricular hypertrophy

Question 5

Recall the 5 elements of management of acute heart failure

Answer 5

1. Sit patient up
2. Oxygen
3. GTN infusion
4. Diamorphine
5. IV furosemide

Question 6

Why must furosemide be given IV in heart failre?

Answer 6

If you have peripheral oedema you will also have gut oedema and so won’t absorb oral diuretics

Question 7

Recall 2 symptoms of acute heart failure

Answer 7

Breathlessness (onset = hours)

Orthopnoea