SCC, BCC & Malignant Melanoma Flashcards
How many layers does epidermal layer have
4-5 Stratum corneu Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale The lower 2 layers are where new cells are germinated
What do melanocytes produce
Melanin–> screens U.V. light
What is a keratinocyte
Stratified Squamous epithelium cell
What dp keratinocytes do
Keratinocytes synthesis molecules for functional regulation of nearby cells
What is SCC
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant transformation of keratinocytes
High metastasis rate
Where does SCC occur most
Head and neck–> sunlight exposed
lymphatic drainage of head and neck
What is BCC
Basal cell carcinoma Sun exposed aread Where basal layer meets epithelial layer--> surface Slow growing Flat firm pale areas Firm raised areas (pinky red, shiny waxy, translucent) Bleed with slight trauma Rarely Metastasize
Where does BCC occur most
Head and face= 70%
Where is malignant melanoma most common
Sunlight associated–> esp UV exposed areas
Lowest rates in pigmented skins (Japanese, Chinese, Indian)
Fairer skin = higher risk
What are the ABCDE of melanoma
Asymmetry–> one half doesn’t match the other
Border irregular–> edges are ragged, notched or blurred or indistinguishable
Colour–> pigmentation is not uniform, tan, brown, black, red, white
Diameter–> any mole >6mm of concern (pencil eraser)
Elevation–> raising up= indication of vertical growth
What features must we look out for on moles to determine whether they are mailgnant melonomas
Increases in size Changes in shape Changes colour Satellite lesions Bleeding Pruritus- itch
What are 4 common types of malignant melonomas
- Superficial spreading melanoma–> radial growth
- Vertical growth
- Metastastic melanoma
- Direct progression in malignant melanoma
Describe radial growth melanoma
Increases at a rate greater than any other human cancer
At early stage, cells invasive but no metastatic potential
What are the clinical diagnosis and treatment of radial growth melanoma
Clinical diagnosis: Change is shape, size, colour dry and scaly Palpable border and slightly raised Variable and haphazard colour
Treatment:
Surgery
Excision+ atleast 1cm
Usually no recurrence or metastases following complete excision
Describe vertical growth melanoma
After 1-2 years growth character changes–> radial becomes vertical
How later stage hence cells invasive and metastatic potential
Cells change appearance v/s/ radial growth
