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Anatomy > Scapular and Pectoral Regions > Flashcards

Scapular and Pectoral Regions Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Neck of humerus

A

Marks the differentiation between the bony epiphysis and diaphysis

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2
Q

Surgical Neck of humerus

A

Thinnest part of the proximal shaft Often injured or fractured

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3
Q

Three important joints of/in the shoulder

A

Sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and glenohumeral joints

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4
Q

Three ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint. What happens if these ligaments are ruptured?

A

Acromiolclavicular ligament (1) Coracoclavicular ligaments (2) *Connection between upper limb and clavicle are lost

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5
Q

What is the actual term for “separated shoulder”? The clavicle and scapula are pulled in different directions…why?

A

Acromioclavicular dislocation *Weight of upper limb is pulling the scapula down and away from the clavicle. Trapezius is pulling the clavicle up

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6
Q

What are two common ways to separate the shoulder or fracture the clavicle? How will patient present with a clavicle fracture?

A
  1. Fall on outstretched arm 2. Fall on shoulder *Patient will hold arm up because clavicle fracture makes it painful to let weight of arm pull down on fracture
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7
Q

What 3 ligaments make up the joint capsule?

A

Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, and inferior)

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8
Q

What ligament reinforces the shoulder joint superiorly

A

Coracoacromial ligament

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9
Q

Structural integrity of the glenohumeral joint is held together by which muscles? (4)

A

Held together by rotator cuff muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres MINOR, and subscapularis

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10
Q

What is the most common type of humerus dislocation?

A

Anterior and inferior dislocation

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11
Q

Anterior EXTRINSIC muscles (4) (Take a piss)

A

Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Subclavius Serratus anterior

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12
Q

Posterior EXTRINSIC muscles (5) (TRL)

A

Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Levator scapulae Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor

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13
Q

INTRINSIC muscles of upper limb (6) 4 of these are the rotator cuff muscles

A

Deltoid Teres major Teres minor Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis

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14
Q

Pectoralis Major: Innervation Actions (2)

A

Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerve Actions: primarily an adductor of arm. Whole muscle activation will adduct and medially rotate arm

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15
Q

Pectoralis Minor: Innervation Actions (2)

A

Innervation: medial pectoral nerve Actions: stabilizes scapula against rib cage and elevates rib cage when scapula is fixed. *Accessory muscle of respiration

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16
Q

Subclavius Innervation Action (1)

A

Innervation: nerve to subclavius (seriously…that’s its name) Action: depresses clavicle

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17
Q

Serratus Anterior Innervation Actions (2)

A

Innervation: long thoracic nerve Actions: 1. protracts and stabilizes scapula 2. rotates scapula

18
Q

Long thoracic nerve injury- two things to look for

A
  1. Winged scapula on affected side 2. Patient unable to abduct arm above 90º
19
Q

Trapezius Innervation Actions (4) What is special about trapezius innervation?

A

Innervation: Accessory nerve Actions: 1. Elevates (superior bit) scapula 2. Retracts (medial) scapula 3. Rotates scapula 4. Depresses (lower) scapula *Only muscle of upper limb NOT innervated by brachial plexus

20
Q

Latissimus dorsi Innervation Actions (3)

A

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve Actions: Adducts, extends, and internally rotates humerus

21
Q

Muscles responsible for ELEVATION of shoulder (4)

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Levator scapulae

3 and 4. Rhomboids

22
Q

DEPRESSION of shoulder

5 muscles and 1 force

A
  1. Gravity
  2. Pectoralis major and minor
  3. Latissimus dorsi
  4. Trapezius
  5. Serratus anterior
23
Q

PROTRACTION of shoulder (3)

A
  1. Serratus anterior
  2. Pectoralis Major
  3. Pectoralis Minor
24
Q

RETRACTION of shoulder (4)

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Rhomboid major and minor
  3. Latissimus dorsi
25
Q

SUPERIOR ROTATION of shoulder (2)

A

1. Trapezius

2. Serratus anterior

26
Q

INFERIOR ROTATION of shoulder

6 muscles and 1 force

A
  1. Latissimus dorsi
  2. Gravity
  3. Levator scapulae
  4. Rhomboids
  5. Pectoralis major and minor
27
Q

Deltoid

Innervation

Actions

A

Innervation: axillary nerve

Actions: flexes (anterior fibers), abducts (lateral), and extends (posterior) arm at shoulder

28
Q

Teres Major

Innervation

Actions (3)

A

Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve

Actions: 1. Adducts humerus

  1. Internally rotates humerus
  2. Assists latissimus dorsi
29
Q

Rotator Cuff:

Innervation of supraspinatus and infraspinatus

Innervation of teres minor

Innervation of subscapularis

A

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus- suprascapular nerve

Teres minor- axillary nerve

Subscapularis- upper and lower subscapular nerves

30
Q

Rotator Cuff

Actions of supraspinatus-

Actions of infraspinatus and teres minor-

Actions of Subscapularis-

A

Supraspinatus- initiates abduction of humerus

Infraspinatus and teres minor- laterally/externally rotate humerus

Subscapularis- medially/internally rotate humerus

31
Q

How will a patient with supraspinatus injury abduct arm?

A

The patient will swing arm up until deltoid takes over because the swinging takes pressure off the supraspinatus

32
Q

Why do most arm dislocations occur inferiorly?

A

Because there is nothing to resist humerus being pulled down except for joint capsule which is weak

33
Q

Branch from 1st part of axillary artery

A

Superior thoracic artery

34
Q

Branches off 2nd part of axillary artery

A
  1. Thoracroacromial trunk
  2. Lateral thoracic artery
35
Q

Branches of thoracoacromial trunk (4)

A
  1. Pectoral br
  2. Deltoid
  3. Acromial
  4. Clavicular
36
Q

Branches of 3rd part of axillary artery

A
  1. Anterior circumflex humeral a.
  2. Posterior circumflex humeral a.
  3. Subscapular a
37
Q

Branches of subscapular artery (2)

A
  1. Thoracodorsal artery
  2. Circumflex artery
38
Q

Triangular Space

Borders- lateral, superior, and inferior

Contents

A

Lateral: long head of triceps brachii

Superior: teres minor

Inferior: teres major

Contents: circumflex scapular artery

39
Q

Quadrangular Space

Borders- lateral, medial, superior, and inferior

Contents (2)

A

Lateral- surgical neck of humerus

Medial: long head of triceps brachii

Superior: teres minor

Inferior: teres major

Contents: axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

40
Q

Damage to axillary nerve causes what?

A

Atrophy of deltoid. Patient will have difficult time elevating arm

41
Q
A

Anatomy (7 decks)

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