Scalp, Brain, Meninges Flashcards
What are the layers of the scalp?
Skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, pericranium
What cranial nerves innervate the scalp?
Trigeminal and Occipital
What branches of the trigeminal n. innervate the scalp?
V1 = Supraorbital and supratrochlear V2 = Zygomaticotemporal V3 = Auriculotemporal
What does the lesser occipital n. innervate?
C2 and C3 ventral rami
What does the greater occipital n. innervate?
C2 dorsal rami
What does the third occipital n. innervate?
C3 dorsal rami
What does anastamosis do?
They are branched blood vessels that help to keep circulation in the brain going even if one vessel is blocked for some reason.
What are the two internal carotid branches?
Supraorbital and Supratrochlear a.
Where does the supraorbital and supratrochlear a. branch off from?
Ophthalmic a.
What are the branches of the external carotid artery?
Superficial temporal a., posterior auricular a., occipital a.
Where do the external carotid branches supply blood to?
The scalp
What are the three layers of the meninges?
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater
What are the two layers of the dura mater?
Periosteal layer and meningeal layer
What is the periosteal layer continuous with?
The external periosteum
What is the meningeal layer continuous with?
The spinal dura mater
What do reflections of the meningeal layer of the dura mater do?
They create infoldings in the dura in between sections of the brains.
What does the Falx Ceribri do?
It separates the left and right hemispheres of cerebrum
What does the Falx Cerebelli do?
It separates the left and right hemispheres of the cerebellum
What does the sellar diaphragm do?
Separates the pituitary gland and the lobes above it and the sellar turcica
What does the Tentorium Cerebelli do?
Separates the cerebellum from the cerebral hemispheres
What do the dural venous sinuses do?
Drain blood from the brain, meninges, and diploic veins into the internal jugular vein
Where do the dural venous sinuses drain out to?
Confluence of sinuses
What nerves line the cavernous sinus?
CN 3, 4, ophthalmic n. and maxillary n.
What nerve is embedded deep in the cavernous sinus?
CN 6
Why does blood move sluggishly in the dural venous sinuses?
There are no muscle walls to constrict/relax with blood pressure
What are the paired dural venous sinuses?
Cavernous, intercavernous (anterior/posterior), Superior petrosal sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus
What are the unpaired sinuses?
Superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, straight sagittal, occipital sagittal
What innervates the Dura?
Trigeminal (V1, V2, V3)
Vagus (X)
Dorsal roots of C1-C3
Which dura layer is filled with CSF?
Pia mater
What’s the pathology of the dura mater?
Epidural hematoma
What’s the pathology of the arachnoid mater?
Subdural hematoma
What’s the pathology of the pia mater?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Where is CSF produced?
Choroid plexus
What’s the procession of CSF in the brain?
Choroid plexus (lateral ventricles) –> ventricular system –> subarachnoid space –> dural sinuses
