Scalp, Brain, Meninges

Question 1

What are the layers of the scalp?

Answer 1

Skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, pericranium

Question 2

What cranial nerves innervate the scalp?

Answer 2

Trigeminal and Occipital

Question 3

What branches of the trigeminal n. innervate the scalp?

Answer 3

V1 = Supraorbital and supratrochlear
V2 = Zygomaticotemporal
V3 = Auriculotemporal

Question 4

What does the lesser occipital n. innervate?

Answer 4

C2 and C3 ventral rami

Question 5

What does the greater occipital n. innervate?

Answer 5

C2 dorsal rami

Question 6

What does the third occipital n. innervate?

Answer 6

C3 dorsal rami

Question 7

What does anastamosis do?

Answer 7

They are branched blood vessels that help to keep circulation in the brain going even if one vessel is blocked for some reason.

Question 8

What are the two internal carotid branches?

Answer 8

Supraorbital and Supratrochlear a.

Question 9

Where does the supraorbital and supratrochlear a. branch off from?

Answer 9

Ophthalmic a.

Question 10

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 10

Superficial temporal a., posterior auricular a., occipital a.

Question 11

Where do the external carotid branches supply blood to?

Answer 11

The scalp

Question 12

What are the three layers of the meninges?

Answer 12

Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater

Question 13

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

Answer 13

Periosteal layer and meningeal layer

Question 14

What is the periosteal layer continuous with?

Answer 14

The external periosteum

Question 15

What is the meningeal layer continuous with?

Answer 15

The spinal dura mater

Question 16

What do reflections of the meningeal layer of the dura mater do?

Answer 16

They create infoldings in the dura in between sections of the brains.

Question 17

What does the Falx Ceribri do?

Answer 17

It separates the left and right hemispheres of cerebrum

Question 18

What does the Falx Cerebelli do?

Answer 18

It separates the left and right hemispheres of the cerebellum

Question 19

What does the sellar diaphragm do?

Answer 19

Separates the pituitary gland and the lobes above it and the sellar turcica

Question 20

What does the Tentorium Cerebelli do?

Answer 20

Separates the cerebellum from the cerebral hemispheres

Question 21

What do the dural venous sinuses do?

Answer 21

Drain blood from the brain, meninges, and diploic veins into the internal jugular vein

Question 22

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain out to?

Answer 22

Confluence of sinuses

Question 23

What nerves line the cavernous sinus?

Answer 23

CN 3, 4, ophthalmic n. and maxillary n.

Question 24

What nerve is embedded deep in the cavernous sinus?

Answer 24

CN 6

Question 25

Why does blood move sluggishly in the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 25

There are no muscle walls to constrict/relax with blood pressure

Question 26

What are the paired dural venous sinuses?

Answer 26

Cavernous, intercavernous (anterior/posterior), Superior petrosal sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus

Question 27

What are the unpaired sinuses?

Answer 27

Superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, straight sagittal, occipital sagittal

Question 28

What innervates the Dura?

Answer 28

Trigeminal (V1, V2, V3)
Vagus (X)
Dorsal roots of C1-C3

Question 29

Which dura layer is filled with CSF?

Answer 29

Pia mater

Question 30

What’s the pathology of the dura mater?

Answer 30

Epidural hematoma

Question 31

What’s the pathology of the arachnoid mater?

Answer 31

Subdural hematoma

Question 32

What’s the pathology of the pia mater?

Answer 32

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 33

Where is CSF produced?

Answer 33

Choroid plexus

Question 34

What’s the procession of CSF in the brain?

Answer 34

Choroid plexus (lateral ventricles) –> ventricular system –> subarachnoid space –> dural sinuses