Scalp

Question 1

What is the first layer of the scalp?

Answer 1

S - skin

Question 2

what is the second layer of the scalp?

Answer 2

C - connective tissue

Question 3

what is the third layer of the scalp

Answer 3

A - aponeurosis

Question 4

what is the fourth layer of the scalp?

Answer 4

L - loose areolar tissue

Question 5

what is the fifth layer of the scalp

Answer 5

P - periosteum

Question 6

which layer of the scalp is vulnerable to profuse bleeding?

Answer 6

connective tissue - emissary veins (valveless) unable to constrict if lacerated

Question 7

what is the arterial supply of the scalp?

Answer 7

external carotid + ophthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid)

Question 8

what branches of the external carotid artery supply the scalp and where?

Answer 8

superficial temporal - frontal + temporal
posterior auricular - superior + posterior to ear
occipital - back of scalp

Question 9

which branches of the ophthalmic artery supply the scalp and where?

Answer 9

supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries (superior and anterior)

Question 10

what are the two types of venous drainage of the scalp?

how are they connected to the veins of the skull?

Answer 10

superficial - follows arterial supply
deep - pterygoid venous plexus draining into maxillary vein
connect to dural venous sinuses via emissary veins

Question 11

which branches of the ophthalmic nerve (CN5) supply the scalp?

Answer 11

supratrochlear (anteromedial forehead)
supraorbital (anterolateral forehead to vertex)

Question 12

which branches of the maxillary nerve (CN5) supply the scalp?

Answer 12

zygomaticotemporal (temple)

Question 13

which branches of the mandibular nerve (CN5) supply the scalp?

Answer 13

auriculotemporal (anterosuperior to auricle)

Question 14

what is the origin of the lesser occipital nerve and what does it supply?

Answer 14

anterior ramus C2
supplies skin posterior ear

Question 15

what is the origin of the greater occipital nerve and what does it supply?

Answer 15

posterior ramus C2, supplies skin of occipital region

Question 16

what is the origin of the great auricular nerve and what does it supply?

Answer 16

anterior rami of C2 and C3, supplies skin posterior to ear and over angle of mandible

Question 17

what is the origin of the third occipital nerve and what does it supply?

Answer 17

posterior ramus C3, skin of inferior occipital region

Question 18

name 3 reasons why scalp lacerations bleed profusely

Answer 18

1. pull of occipitofrontalis muscle prevents closure of bleeding vessels
2. blood vessels of scalp adhered to dense connective tissue which prevents vasoconstriction
3. multiple anastamoses which contribute to profuse bleeding